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  2. Ulcer index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulcer_Index

    Working from oldest to newest a highest price (highest closing price) seen so far is maintained, and any close below that is a retracement, expressed as a percentage R i = 100 × p r i c e i − m a x p r i c e m a x p r i c e {\displaystyle R_{i}=100\times {price_{i}-maxprice \over maxprice}}

  3. Benefit–cost ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benefit–cost_ratio

    A benefit–cost ratio [1] (BCR) is an indicator, used in cost–benefit analysis, that attempts to summarize the overall value for money of a project or proposal. A BCR is the ratio of the benefits of a project or proposal, expressed in monetary terms, relative to its costs, also expressed in monetary terms.

  4. Lift-to-drag ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift-to-drag_ratio

    For any given value of lift, the AoA varies with speed. Graphs of C L and C D vs. speed are referred to as drag curves. Speed is shown increasing from left to right. The lift/drag ratio is given by the slope from the origin to some point on the curve and so the maximum L/D ratio does not occur at the point of least drag coefficient, the ...

  5. Pi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi

    The number π (/ p aɪ /; spelled out as "pi") is a mathematical constant that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, approximately equal to 3.14159.The number π appears in many formulae across mathematics and physics.

  6. Best value ETFs: Top funds that hold bargain-priced stocks

    www.aol.com/finance/best-value-etfs-214401763.html

    Expense ratio: 0.07 percent. ... and growing companies can certainly represent good value, depending on the price they can be purchased for. ... Value funds tend to hold companies with lower price ...

  7. Positive and negative predictive values - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_and_negative...

    The positive predictive value (PPV), or precision, is defined as = + = where a "true positive" is the event that the test makes a positive prediction, and the subject has a positive result under the gold standard, and a "false positive" is the event that the test makes a positive prediction, and the subject has a negative result under the gold standard.

  8. Bid-to-cover ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bid-to-Cover_Ratio

    Bid-To-Cover Ratio is a ratio used to measure the demand for a particular security during offerings and auctions. In general, it is used for shares, bonds, and other securities. It may be computed in two ways: either the number of bids received divided by the number of bids accepted, or the value of bids received divided by the value of bids ...

  9. Debt-to-GDP ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt-to-GDP_ratio

    Debt-to-GDP measures the financial leverage of an economy. [citation needed]One of the Euro convergence criteria was that government debt-to-GDP should be below 60%. [4]The World Bank and the IMF hold that "a country can be said to achieve external debt sustainability if it can meet its current and future external debt service obligations in full, without recourse to debt rescheduling or the ...