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An internetwork is the connection of multiple different types of computer networks to form a single computer network using higher-layer network protocols and connecting them together using routers. The Internet is the largest example of internetwork. It is a global system of interconnected governmental, academic, corporate, public, and private ...
Network topology is the arrangement of the elements ( links, nodes, etc.) of a communication network. [ 1][ 2] Network topology can be used to define or describe the arrangement of various types of telecommunication networks, including command and control radio networks, [ 3] industrial fieldbusses and computer networks .
Ethernet ( / ˈiːθərnɛt / EE-thər-net) is a family of wired computer networking technologies commonly used in local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN) and wide area networks (WAN). [ 1] It was commercially introduced in 1980 and first standardized in 1983 as IEEE 802.3. Ethernet has since been refined to support higher ...
1. Physical layer. The Open Systems Interconnection ( OSI) model is a reference model from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that "provides a common basis for the coordination of standards development for the purpose of systems interconnection." [ 2] In the OSI reference model, the communications between systems are split ...
The Internet (or internet) [ a] is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) [ b] to communicate between networks and devices. It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of ...
Network architecture. Network architecture is the design of a computer network. It is a framework for the specification of a network's physical components and their functional organization and configuration, its operational principles and procedures, as well as communication protocols used. In telecommunication, the specification of a network ...
Networking hardware, also known as network equipment or computer networking devices, are electronic devices that are required for communication and interaction between devices on a computer network. Specifically, they mediate data transmission in a computer network. [ 1] Units which are the last receiver or generate data are called hosts, end ...
Network address translation ( NAT) is a method of mapping an IP address space into another by modifying network address information in the IP header of packets while they are in transit across a traffic routing device. [ 1] The technique was originally used to bypass the need to assign a new address to every host when a network was moved, or ...