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  2. BIOS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS

    UEFI. In computing, BIOS ( / ˈbaɪɒs, - oʊs /, BY-oss, -⁠ohss; Basic Input/Output System, also known as the System BIOS, ROM BIOS, BIOS ROM or PC BIOS) is firmware used to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs and to perform hardware initialization during the booting process (power-on startup). [ 1]

  3. Standard streams - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_streams

    Another Unix breakthrough was to automatically associate input and output to terminal keyboard and terminal display, respectively, by default [citation needed] — the program (and programmer) did absolutely nothing to establish input and output for a typical input-process-output program (unless it chose a different paradigm).

  4. Audio Stream Input/Output - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_Stream_Input/Output

    API. Audio Stream Input/Output ( ASIO) is a computer sound card driver protocol for digital audio specified by Steinberg, providing a low- latency and high fidelity interface between a software application and a computer's sound card. Whereas Microsoft 's DirectSound is commonly used as an intermediary signal path for non-professional users ...

  5. Steam (service) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_(service)

    Steam is a video game digital distribution service and storefront managed by Valve. It was launched as a software client in September 2003 to provide game updates automatically for Valve's games and expanded to distributing third-party titles in late 2005. Steam offers various features, like game server matchmaking with Valve Anti-Cheat ...

  6. Computer keyboard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_keyboard

    Typing on a laptop keyboard. A computer keyboard is a peripheral input device modeled after the typewriter keyboard [ 1][ 2] which uses an arrangement of buttons or keys to act as mechanical levers or electronic switches. Replacing early punched cards and paper tape technology, interaction via teleprinter -style keyboards have been the main ...

  7. Memory-mapped I/O and port-mapped I/O - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory-mapped_I/O_and_port...

    For the airport in Mexico with the code MMIO, see Saltillo Airport. Memory-mapped I/O ( MMIO) and port-mapped I/O ( PMIO) are two complementary methods of performing input/output (I/O) between the central processing unit (CPU) and peripheral devices in a computer (often mediating access via chipset ). An alternative approach is using dedicated ...

  8. Digital-to-analog converter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital-to-analog_converter

    In electronics, a digital-to-analog converter ( DAC, D/A, D2A, or D-to-A) is a system that converts a digital signal into an analog signal. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) performs the reverse function. There are several DAC architectures; the suitability of a DAC for a particular application is determined by figures of merit including ...

  9. Input/output - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input/output

    v. t. e. In computing, input/output ( I/O, i/o, or informally io or IO) is the communication between an information processing system, such as a computer, and the outside world, such as another computer system, peripherals, or a human operator. Inputs are the signals or data received by the system and outputs are the signals or data sent from it.