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These included ₹1/2 , ₹1/4 , 2 anna, 1 anna, 1/2 anna & 1 pice coins, and are referred to as the anna series or pre-decimal coinage. Under the anna series, one rupee was divided into 16 annas or 64 pice, with each anna equal to 4 pice. In 1957, India shifted to the decimal system, though for a short period of time, both decimal and non ...
The new 20 rupee coin is a circle (it is 12 edged*) with a diameter of 27mm (millimeters) and weight of 8.54 grams. The outer ring is composed of 65% copper, 15% zinc and 20% nickel whereas the inner ring (centre piece) is composed of 75% copper, 20% zinc and 5% nickel. Designed with the help of students of National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad.
Data from 1971 to 1991–92 are based on official exchange rates. Data from 1992 to 1993 onward are based on FEDAI (Foreign Exchange Dealers' Association of India) indicative rates. Data from 1971 to 1972–73 for the Deutsche Mark and the Japanese Yen are cross rates with the US Dollar. The Euro replaced the Deutsche Mark w.e.f. January 1, 1999.
Global analysts cut their forecasts of India's real GDP growth rate for the financial year 2016–17 by 0.5 to 3% due to demonetisation. [147] [148] India's GDP in 2016 is estimated to be US$2.25 trillion, hence, each 1 per cent reduction in growth rate represents a shortfall of US$22.5 billion (₹1.54 trillion) for the Indian economy. [149]
Austrian crown – Austria. Austro-Hungarian crown – Austria-Hungary. Bohemian and Moravian crown – Bohemia and Moravia. British crown – United Kingdom. Czech crown – Czech Republic. Czechoslovak crown – Czechoslovakia. Danish crown – Denmark. English crown – Kingdom of England. Estonian crown – Estonia.
Officially, the Indian rupee has a market-determined exchange rate. However, the Reserve Bank of India trades actively in the USD/INR currency market to impact effective exchange rates. Thus, the currency regime in place for the Indian rupee with respect to the US dollar is a de facto controlled exchange rate.
Currency appreciation and depreciation. Currency depreciation is the loss of value of a country's currency with respect to one or more foreign reference currencies, typically in a floating exchange rate system in which no official currency value is maintained. Currency appreciation in the same context is an increase in the value of the currency.
In India, black money is funds earned on the black market, on which income and other taxes have not been paid. Also, the unaccounted money that is concealed from the tax administrator is called black money. The black money is accumulated by the criminals, smugglers, and tax-evaders. Around ₹22,000 crores are supposed [citation needed] to have ...