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B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism and synthesis of red blood cells. [ 1][ 2] They are a chemically diverse class of compounds. [ 1] Dietary supplements containing all eight are referred to as a vitamin B complex. Individual B vitamins are referred to by B-number or by chemical name ...
Thiamine, also known as thiamin and vitamin B 1, is a vitamin, an essential micronutrient for humans and animals. [3] [4] It is found in food and commercially synthesized to be a dietary supplement or medication. [1] [5] Phosphorylated forms of thiamine are required for some metabolic reactions, including the breakdown of glucose and amino ...
Plant cognition. Plant cognition or plant gnosophysiology[ 1] is the study of the learning and memory of plants, exploring the idea it is not only animals that are capable of detecting, responding to and learning from internal and external stimuli in order to choose and make decisions that are most appropriate to ensure survival.
Benfotiamine. Benfotiamine ( rINN, or S-benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate) is a synthetic, fat-soluble, S -acyl derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) that is approved in some countries as a medication or dietary supplement to treat diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Benfotiamine was developed in late 1950s in Japan. [ 1][ 2]
Nutrition and cognition. Relatively speaking, the brain consumes an immense amount of energy in comparison to the rest of the body. The mechanisms involved in the transfer of energy from foods to neurons are likely to be fundamental to the control of brain function. [1] Human bodily processes, including the brain, all require both ...
Thiamine deficiency. Thiamine deficiency is a medical condition of low levels of thiamine (vitamin B 1 ). [ 1] A severe and chronic form is known as beriberi. [ 1][ 7] The name beriberi was possibly borrowed in the 18th century from the Sinhalese phrase බැරි බැරි (bæri bæri, “I cannot, I cannot”), owing to the weakness ...
Plant physiology is a subdiscipline of botany concerned with the functioning, or physiology, of plants. [1]A germination rate experiment. Plant physiologists study fundamental processes of plants, such as photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormone functions, tropisms, nastic movements, photoperiodism, photomorphogenesis, circadian rhythms, environmental stress physiology, seed ...
Thiamine pyrophosphate ( TPP or ThPP ), or thiamine diphosphate ( ThDP ), or cocarboxylase[ 1] is a thiamine (vitamin B 1) derivative which is produced by the enzyme thiamine diphosphokinase. Thiamine pyrophosphate is a cofactor that is present in all living systems, in which it catalyzes several biochemical reactions.