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  2. Vitamin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin

    In Wikidata. Vitamins are organic molecules (or a set of closely related molecules called vitamers) that are essential to an organism in small quantities for proper metabolic function. Essential nutrients cannot be synthesized in the organism in sufficient quantities for survival, and therefore must be obtained through the diet.

  3. Biotin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin

    Biotin is a water-soluble B vitamin. Consumption of large amounts as a dietary supplement results in absorption, followed by excretion into urine as biotin. Consumption of biotin as part of a normal diet results in urinary excretion of biotin and biotin metabolites.

  4. Linus Pauling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Pauling

    Pauling directed research on vitamin C, but also continued his theoretical work in chemistry and physics until his death. In his last years, he became especially interested in the possible role of vitamin C in preventing atherosclerosis and published three case reports on the use of lysine and vitamin C to relieve angina pectoris. During the ...

  5. Riboflavin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riboflavin

    Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a vitamin found in food and sold as a dietary supplement. [ 3] It is essential to the formation of two major coenzymes, flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide. These coenzymes are involved in energy metabolism, cellular respiration, and antibody production, as well as normal growth and ...

  6. Casimir Funk - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_Funk

    Casimir Funk ( Polish: [kaˈʑimjɛʂ ˈfuŋk] Kazimierz Funk; February 23, 1884 – November 19, 1967) was a Polish biochemist generally credited with being among the first to formulate the concept of vitamins after publishing a landmark medical writing in 1912. He highlighted these "vital amines " (or "vitamines") as critical in fighting ...

  7. Bioactive compound - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioactive_compound

    Bioactive compound. A bioactive compound is a compound that has an effect on a living organism, tissue or cell, usually demonstrated by basic research in vitro or in vivo in the laboratory. While dietary nutrients are essential to life, bioactive compounds have not been proved to be essential – as the body can function without them – or ...

  8. Vitamin B12 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12

    Some research shows that most people in the United States and the United Kingdom consume sufficient vitamin B 12. [2] [11] However, other research suggests that the proportion of people with low or marginal levels of vitamin B 12 is up to 40% in the Western world. [2] Grain-based foods can be fortified by having the vitamin added to them.

  9. Antioxidant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antioxidant

    The relative importance of the antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities of antioxidants is an area of current research, but vitamin C, which exerts its effects as a vitamin by oxidizing polypeptides, appears to have a mostly antioxidant action in the human body.

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