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Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution. 67th: Amend article 356. [75] 4 October 1990 Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to four years in the state of Punjab. 68th: Amend article 356. [76] 12 March 1991 Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to five years in the state of ...
Judicial review was adopted by the constitution of India from judicial review in the United States. [65] In the Indian constitution, judicial review is dealt with in Article 13. The constitution is the supreme power of the nation, and governs all laws. According to Article 13:
t. e. Part XIV is a compilation of laws pertaining to the constitution of India as a country and the union of states that it is made of. This part of the constitution consists of Articles on Services Under the Union and the States. [1]
The Constitution, under Article 312 [13] gives authority to the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of Parliament) to set up new branches of the All India Services with a two-thirds majority vote. The Indian Administrative Service, Indian Police Service, and Indian Forest Service have been established under this constitutional provision. [14]
The Constitution of India, therefore, designated Hindi and English as co-official languages, with the latter being phased out within 15 years. [3] The Constitution of India also states that efforts should be undertaken to promote the use of Hindi – where the three-language formula was suggested. In this format, a student's first language ...
Articles 372 to 378A of the Indian Constitution encompass various transitional and temporary provisions relevant during the initial years following India's independence. These articles address a range of issues, from the continuation of existing laws to the establishment of temporary provisions for certain states or territories.
The 42nd Amendment also amended Preamble and changed the description of India from " sovereign, democratic republic " to a "sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic", and also changed the words "unity of the nation" to "unity and integrity of the nation". The Emergency era had been widely unpopular, and the 42nd Amendment was the most ...
Chapter 2 covers articles 345–347, and writes that the regions of India are eligible to use any of the official languages of India for official purposes. It also acknowledges the possibility of a regional language being adopted and becoming an official language of India, if the President deems that a large enough proportion of the population of India desires it.