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Dissociative identity disorder is characterized by the presence of at least two distinct and relatively enduring personality states. [3] [24] (p331) The disorder is accompanied by memory gaps more severe than could be explained by ordinary forgetfulness. [3] [24] (p331) [25] The personality states alternately show in a person's behavior; [3 ...
Obsessive–compulsive disorder ( OCD) is a mental and behavioral disorder in which an individual has intrusive thoughts (an obsession) and feels the need to perform certain routines ( compulsions) repeatedly to relieve the distress caused by the obsession, to the extent where it impairs general function. [1] [2] [7]
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder [17] characterized by reoccurring episodes of psychosis that are correlated with a general misperception of reality. [7] Other common signs include hallucinations (typically hearing voices ), delusions (i.e., paranoia ), disorganized thinking and behavior, [10] and flat or inappropriate affect. [7]
Biopsychiatry controversy. The biopsychiatry controversy is a dispute over which viewpoint should predominate and form a basis of psychiatric theory and practice. The debate is a criticism of a claimed strict biological view of psychiatric thinking. Its critics include disparate groups such as the antipsychiatry movement and some academics.
Genetic components. L.J. and J.P. Chapman were the first to discuss the possibility that social anhedonia may stem from a genetic vulnerability. The disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene has been consistently associated with risk for, and cause of, schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and other mental illnesses.
General paresis, also known as general paralysis of the insane (GPI), paralytic dementia, or syphilitic paresis is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder, classified as an organic mental disorder, and is caused by late-stage syphilis and the chronic meningoencephalitis and cerebral atrophy that are associated with this late stage of the disease when left untreated.
Biomedical model. The biomedical model of medicine care is the medical model used in most Western healthcare settings, and is built from the perception that a state of health is defined purely in the absence of illness. [1] : 24, 26 The biomedical model contrasts with sociological theories of care. [1] : 1 [2]
Sex differences in humans. Gender is correlated with the prevalence of certain mental disorders, including depression, anxiety and somatic complaints. [1] For example, women are more likely to be diagnosed with major depression, while men are more likely to be diagnosed with substance abuse and antisocial personality disorder. [1]