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The later RBDS standard implemented in the U.S. assigned the same meanings to codes 0, 1 and 31, but made no attempt to match the rest of the original RDS plan and created its own list for codes 2–22 and 30, [11] including commercially important (in the U.S.) radio formats such as top 40, religious, country, jazz and R&B which were not in the ...
Wide FM, 20.0 kHz width, ±5 kHz deviation, still widely used for amateur radio, NOAA weather radio, marine, and aviation users and land mobile users below 50 MHz [2] 11K2 F3E Narrow FM, 11.25 kHz bandwidth, ±2.5 kHz deviation – In the United States, all Part 90 Land Mobile Radio Service (LMRS) users operating above 50 MHz were required to ...
Example: "Your signal is 30 dB over S9," or more simply, "Your signal is 30 over 9." Because the N character in Morse code requires less time to send than the 9, during amateur radio contests where the competing amateur radio stations are all using Morse code, the nines in the RST are typically abbreviated to N to read 5NN. [11]
S-Meter of a Ten-Tec Orion amateur radio transceiver. An S meter (signal strength meter) is an indicator often provided on communications receivers, such as amateur radio or shortwave broadcast receivers. The scale markings are derived from a system of reporting signal strength from S1 to S9 as part of the R-S-T system.
Wireless standard IEEE 802.11 uses either FHSS or DSSS in its radio interface. Techniques known since the 1940s and used in military communication systems since the 1950s "spread" a radio signal over a wide frequency range several magnitudes higher than minimum requirement.
Radio call signs are a globally unique identifier assigned to all stations that are required to obtain a license in order to emit RF energy. The identifiers consist of from 3 to 9 letters and digits, and while the basic format of the call signs are specified by the ITU-R Radio Regulations, Article 19, Identification of stations, [5] the details are left up to each country's radio licensing ...
The QSA code and QRK code are interrelated and complementary signal reporting codes for use in wireless telegraphy . They replaced the earlier QSJ code. They replaced the earlier QSJ code. Currently, the QSA and QRK codes are officially defined in the ITU Radio Regulations 1990, Appendix 13: Miscellaneous Abbreviations and Signals to Be Used in ...
R and S brevity codes, published by the British Post Office in 1908 for coastal wireless stations and ships, superseded in 1912 by Q codes [1] X code, used by European military services as a wireless telegraphy code in the 1930s and 1940s; Z code, also used in the early days of radiotelegraph communication.