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In statistical hypothesis testing, the analogous concepts are known as type I and type II errors, where a positive result corresponds to rejecting the null hypothesis, and a negative result corresponds to not rejecting the null hypothesis. The terms are often used interchangeably, but there are differences in detail and interpretation due to ...
In statistics, sampling errors are incurred when the statistical characteristics of a population are estimated from a subset, or sample, of that population. Since the sample does not include all members of the population, statistics of the sample (often known as estimators ), such as means and quartiles, generally differ from the statistics of ...
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) ( / ɪˈlaɪzə /, / ˌiːˈlaɪzə /) is a commonly used analytical biochemistry assay, first described by Eva Engvall and Peter Perlmann in 1971. [ 1] The assay is a solid-phase type of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect the presence of a ligand (commonly a protein) in a liquid sample using ...
The upper DNA molecule differs from the lower DNA molecule at a single base-pair location (a G/A polymorphism). In genetics and bioinformatics, a single-nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP / snɪp /; plural SNPs / snɪps /) is a germline substitution of a single nucleotide at a specific position in the genome. Although certain definitions require the ...
Scientific misconduct is the violation of the standard codes of scholarly conduct and ethical behavior in the publication of professional scientific research. It is violation of scientific integrity: violation of the scientific method and of research ethics in science, including in the design, conduct, and reporting of research.
Deletion on a chromosome. In genetics, a deletion (also called gene deletion, deficiency, or deletion mutation) (sign: Δ) is a mutation (a genetic aberration) in which a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is left out during DNA replication. Any number of nucleotides can be deleted, from a single base to an entire piece of chromosome. [ 1]
Cell signaling is a fundamental property of all cellular life in prokaryotes and eukaryotes . Typically, the signaling process involves three components: the signal, the receptor, and the effector. [citation needed] In biology, signals are mostly chemical in nature, but can also be physical cues such as pressure, voltage, temperature, or light.
DNA damage resulting in multiple broken chromosomes. DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. [ 1] In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in tens of thousands of ...