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  2. Cell-free fetal DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell-free_fetal_DNA

    Cell-free fetal DNA ( cffDNA) is fetal DNA that circulates freely in the maternal blood. Maternal blood is sampled by venipuncture. Analysis of cffDNA is a method of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis frequently ordered for pregnant women of advanced maternal age. Two hours after delivery, cffDNA is no longer detectable in maternal blood.

  3. Prenatal hormones and sexual orientation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenatal_hormones_and...

    The hormonal theory of sexuality holds that, just as exposure to certain hormones plays a role in fetal sex differentiation, such exposure also influences the sexual orientation that emerges later in the individual. Prenatal hormones may be seen as the primary determinant of adult sexual orientation, or a co-factor.

  4. Sexual differentiation in humans - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_differentiation_in...

    Sexual differentiation in humans. The human Y chromosome showing the SRY gene which codes for a protein regulating sexual differentiation. Sexual differentiation in humans is the process of development of sex differences in humans. It is defined as the development of phenotypic structures consequent to the action of hormones produced following ...

  5. Prenatal sex discernment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenatal_sex_discernment

    Sex determination ban in India. Prenatal sex determination was banned in India in 1994, under the Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act, 1994. [6] The act aims to prevent sex-selective abortion, which, according to the Indian Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, "has its roots in India's long history of strong patriarchal influence in all spheres of life".

  6. Sex-determination system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex-determination_system

    A sex-determination system is a biological system that determines the development of sexual characteristics in an organism. [ 1] Most organisms that create their offspring using sexual reproduction have two common sexes and a few less common intersex variations. In some species, there are hermaphrodites. [ 2]

  7. DNA paternity testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_paternity_testing

    These procedures are highly accurate because they are taking a sample directly from the fetus; however, there is a small risk for the woman to miscarry and lose the pregnancy as a result. Both CVS and amniocentesis require the pregnant woman to visit a genetic specialist known as a maternal-fetal medicine specialist who will perform the procedure.

  8. Obstetric ultrasonography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstetric_ultrasonography

    3-032, 3-05d. [ edit on Wikidata] Obstetric ultrasonography, or prenatal ultrasound, is the use of medical ultrasonography in pregnancy, in which sound waves are used to create real-time visual images of the developing embryo or fetus in the uterus (womb). The procedure is a standard part of prenatal care in many countries, as it can provide a ...

  9. XY sex-determination system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XY_sex-determination_system

    The XY sex-determination system is a sex-determination system used to classify many mammals, including humans, some insects ( Drosophila ), some snakes, some fish ( guppies ), and some plants ( Ginkgo tree). In this system, the sex of an individual usually is determined by a pair of sex chromosomes. Typically, females have two of the same kind ...

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