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Analytical chemistry studies and uses instruments and methods to separate, identify, and quantify matter. [ 1] In practice, separation, identification or quantification may constitute the entire analysis or be combined with another method. Separation isolates analytes.
Replication (statistics) In engineering, science, and statistics, replication is the process of repeating a study or experiment under the same or similar conditions to support the original claim, which crucial to confirm the accuracy of results as well as for identifying and correcting the flaws in the original experiment. [ 1]
Propagation of uncertainty. In statistics, propagation of uncertainty (or propagation of error) is the effect of variables ' uncertainties (or errors, more specifically random errors) on the uncertainty of a function based on them. When the variables are the values of experimental measurements they have uncertainties due to measurement ...
A calibration curve is one approach to the problem of instrument calibration; other standard approaches may mix the standard into the unknown, giving an internal standard. The calibration curve is a plot of how the instrumental response, the so-called analytical signal, changes with the concentration of the analyte (the substance to be measured).
If the next measurement is higher than the previous measurement as may occur if an instrument becomes warmer during the experiment then the measured quantity is variable and it is possible to detect a drift by checking the zero reading during the experiment as well as at the start of the experiment (indeed, the zero reading is a measurement of ...
This approach can be seen as one of the two basic approaches to problem-solving, contrasted with an approach using insight and theory. However, there are intermediate methods which for example, use theory to guide the method, an approach known as guided empiricism .
The design of experiments ( DOE or DOX ), also known as experiment design or experimental design, is the design of any task that aims to describe and explain the variation of information under conditions that are hypothesized to reflect the variation. The term is generally associated with experiments in which the design introduces conditions ...
In the language of statistics: Accuracy is a description of systematic errors, a measure of bias. Precision is a description of random errors, a measure of variability. In the context of observations made on a ratio or interval scale, a statistical sample can be said to be accurate if its average is close to the true value of the quantity being ...