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A network interface controller ( NIC, also known as a network interface card, [ 3] network adapter, LAN adapter and physical network interface[ 4]) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network. [ 5] Early network interface controllers were commonly implemented on expansion cards that plugged into a computer bus.
Networking hardware, also known as network equipment or computer networking devices, are electronic devices that are required for communication and interaction between devices on a computer network. Specifically, they mediate data transmission in a computer network. [ 1] Units which are the last receiver or generate data are called hosts, end ...
The Ethernet physical layer has evolved over its existence starting in 1980 and encompasses multiple physical media interfaces and several orders of magnitude of speed from 1 Mbit/s to 400 Gbit/s. The physical medium ranges from bulky coaxial cable to twisted pair and optical fiber with a standardized reach of up to 80 km.
Fiber-optic cables are used to transmit light from one computer/network node to another. The following classes of wired technologies are used in computer networking. Coaxial cable is widely used for cable television systems, office buildings, and other work-sites for local area networks. Transmission speed ranges from 200 million bits per ...
v. t. e. In IEEE 802 LAN/MAN standards, the medium access control ( MAC ), also called media access control, is the layer that controls the hardware responsible for interaction with the wired (electrical or optical) or wireless transmission medium. The MAC sublayer and the logical link control (LLC) sublayer together make up the data link layer.
Middlebox. A middlebox is a computer networking device that transforms, inspects, filters, and manipulates traffic for purposes other than packet forwarding. [1] Examples of middleboxes include firewalls, network address translators (NATs), load balancers, and deep packet inspection (DPI) devices. [2]
Network topology is the topological [ 4] structure of a network and may be depicted physically or logically. It is an application of graph theory [ 3] wherein communicating devices are modeled as nodes and the connections between the devices are modeled as links or lines between the nodes. Physical topology is the placement of the various ...
Computer network diagram. A computer network diagram is a schematic depicting the nodes and connections amongst nodes in a computer network or, more generally, any telecommunications network. Computer network diagrams form an important part of network documentation.