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The policy of taxation in the Philippines is governed chiefly by the Constitution of the Philippines and three Republic Acts . Constitution: Article VI, Section 28 of the Constitution states that "the rule of taxation shall be uniform and equitable" and that " Congress shall evolve a progressive system of taxation ". [1] National law: National ...
A value-added tax ( VAT or goods and services tax ( GST ), general consumption tax (GCT) ), is a consumption tax that is levied on the value added at each stage of a product's production and distribution. VAT is similar to, and is often compared with, a sales tax. VAT is an indirect tax because the consumer who ultimately bears the burden of ...
Map of the world showing national-level sales tax / VAT rates as of October 2019. Additional local taxes may apply. [citation needed]A comparison of tax rates by countries is difficult and somewhat subjective, as tax laws in most countries are extremely complex and the tax burden falls differently on different groups in each country and sub-national unit.
A capital gains tax ( CGT) is the tax on profits realized on the sale of a non-inventory asset. The most common capital gains are realized from the sale of stocks, bonds, precious metals, real estate, and property . Not all countries impose a capital gains tax, and most have different rates of taxation for individuals compared to corporations.
e. An ad valorem tax ( Latin for "according to value") is a tax whose amount is based on the value of a transaction or of a property. It is typically imposed at the time of a transaction, as in the case of a sales tax or value-added tax (VAT). An ad valorem tax may also be imposed annually, as in the case of a real or personal property tax, or ...
Real estate can serve this purpose, increasing in value as inflation rises. Although they might be more difficult to sell than liquid assets , illiquid assets can help investors preserve wealth.
Real estate economics is the application of economic techniques to real estate markets. It tries to describe, explain, and predict patterns of prices, supply, and demand . The closely related field of housing economics is narrower in scope, concentrating on residential real estate markets, while the research on real estate trends focuses on the ...
Real estate appraisal, property valuation or land valuation is the process of developing an opinion of value for real property (usually market value).Real estate transactions often require appraisals because they occur infrequently and every property is unique (especially their condition, a key factor in valuation), unlike corporate stocks, which are traded daily and are identical (thus a ...