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A Gray code absolute rotary encoder with 13 tracks. Housing, interrupter disk, and light source are in the top; sensing element and support components are in the bottom. Gray codes are used in linear and rotary position encoders (absolute encoders and quadrature encoders) in preference to weighted binary encoding.
Entropy-based methods result in algorithms that use the entropy of the foreground and background regions, the cross-entropy between the original and binarized image, etc., [6] Object Attribute-based methods search a measure of similarity between the gray-level and the binarized images, such as fuzzy shape similarity, edge coincidence, etc.,
This image actually shows two Karnaugh maps: for the function ƒ, using minterms (colored rectangles) and for its complement, using maxterms (gray rectangles). In the image, E () signifies a sum of minterms, denoted in the article as . The Karnaugh map (KM or K-map) is a method of simplifying Boolean algebra expressions.
Otsu's method. In computer vision and image processing, Otsu's method, named after Nobuyuki Otsu (大津展之, Ōtsu Nobuyuki), is used to perform automatic image thresholding. [1] In the simplest form, the algorithm returns a single intensity threshold that separate pixels into two classes, foreground and background.
The simplest form of the algorithm scans the image one row at a time and one pixel at a time. The current pixel is compared to a half-gray value. If it is above the value a white pixel is generated in the resulting image. If the pixel is below the half way brightness, a black pixel is generated.
The article describes what a Gray code is. That is the fundamental topic. It provides general algorithms for converting arbitrary size Gray codes to and from binary. Those algorithms are relevant to understanding how Gray codes can be used with the conventional binary numbers found in computers.
In the document-scanning industry, this is often referred to as "bi-tonal". A binary image is a digital image that consists of pixels that can have one of exactly two colors, usually black and white. Each pixel is stored as a single bit — i.e. either a 0 or 1. A binary image can be stored in memory as a bitmap: a packed array of bits.
Floyd–Steinberg dithering. A 1-bit image of the Statue of David, dithered with Floyd–Steinberg algorithm. Floyd–Steinberg dithering is an image dithering algorithm first published in 1976 by Robert W. Floyd and Louis Steinberg. It is commonly used by image manipulation software, for example when an image is converted into GIF format ...