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  2. Proklyatiye morey - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proklyatiye_morey

    Rating. Darkside. 5/10 [1] Проклятье морей ( Curse of the Seas) is the thirteenth studio album by Russian heavy metal band Ария ( Aria ), released on 13 November 2018. [2]

  3. List of threatened rays - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_threatened_rays

    In 2010 a global IUCN study of vertebrates found that of 1,044 cartilaginous (ray and shark) species examined, 345 or 33% were threatened with extinction. [ 6][ 7] There are four orders of rays: stingrays, skates, electric rays and sawfishes. Like sharks, rays are relatively long living and thrive in stable populations.

  4. Cosmic ray - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_ray

    Cosmic ray antiprotons also have a much higher average energy than their normal-matter counterparts (protons). They arrive at Earth with a characteristic energy maximum of 2 GeV, indicating their production in a fundamentally different process from cosmic ray protons, which on average have only one-sixth of the energy. [65]

  5. X-ray - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray

    X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is a chemical analysis technique relying on the photoelectric effect, usually employed in surface science. Radiation implosion is the use of high energy X-rays generated from a fission explosion (an A-bomb) to compress nuclear fuel to the point of fusion ignition (an H-bomb ).

  6. Viktor Astafyev - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Astafyev

    Viktor Astafyev was born in the village of Ovsyanka (then Krasnoyarsk Uyezd, Yeniseysk Governorate, Russian SFSR) on the bank of the Yenisey river. [1] His father, Pyotr Pavlovich Astafyev, was a son of a relatively rich mill-owner (a part-time hunter who most of his time though spent at home), mother Lydia Ilyinichna Astafyeva (née Potylitsyna) came from a peasant family.

  7. Ray (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_(optics)

    Ray (optics) Rays and wavefronts. In optics, a ray is an idealized geometrical model of light or other electromagnetic radiation, obtained by choosing a curve that is perpendicular to the wavefronts of the actual light, and that points in the direction of energy flow. [ 1][ 2] Rays are used to model the propagation of light through an optical ...

  8. Characteristic X-ray - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic_X-ray

    Characteristic X-ray. Characteristic X-rays are emitted when outer- shell electrons fill a vacancy in the inner shell of an atom, releasing X-rays in a pattern that is "characteristic" to each element. Characteristic X-rays were discovered by Charles Glover Barkla in 1909, [ 1] who later won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery in 1917.

  9. Gamma ray - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray

    A gamma ray, also known as gamma radiation (symbol. γ. ), is a penetrating form of electromagnetic radiation arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei. It consists of the shortest wavelength electromagnetic waves, typically shorter than those of X-rays. With frequencies above 30 exahertz ( 3 × 1019 Hz) and wavelengths less than 10 ...