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Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy ( FSHD) is a type of muscular dystrophy, a group of heritable diseases that cause degeneration of muscle and progressive weakness. Per the name, FSHD tends to sequentially weaken the muscles of the face, those that position the scapula, and those overlying the humerus bone of the upper arm.
Coats' disease is a rare extramuscular manifestation of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). A single study reported it in 1 percent of FSHD patients, most often those with FSHD type 1 (FSHD1) with large D4Z4 deletions .
The minimum prevalence of limb–girdle muscular dystrophy, as a group, likely ranges 2.27–10 per 100,000 (1:44,000 to 1:10,000). [6] LGMD is the fourth most common muscular dystrophy, after the dystrophinopathies, myotonic dystrophies, and facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. [26]
Inappropriate expression of DUX4 in muscle cells is the cause of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). [7] [8] Overexpression of DUX4 due to translocations can cause B-cell leukemia. [6] A translocation that merges DUX4 with CIC can cause an aggressive type of sarcoma. [9]
Muscular dystrophies ( MD) are a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of rare neuromuscular diseases that cause progressive weakness and breakdown of skeletal muscles over time. [1] The disorders differ as to which muscles are primarily affected, the degree of weakness, how fast they worsen, and when symptoms begin. [1]
Physical therapy, Surgery (scoliosis) [3] Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD) is a form of congenital muscular dystrophy. There are two forms: UCMD1 and UCMD2. [4] UCMD1 is associated with variants of type VI collagen, while UCMD2 is associated with variants of type XII collagen. [4]
Calpainopathy is the most common type of autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD). [ 2] It preferentially affects the muscles of the hip girdle and shoulder girdle. No disease modifying pharmaceuticals have been developed as of 2019, although physical therapy, lifestyle modification, and orthopedic surgery can address symptoms.
Beevor’s sign is characteristic of spinal cord injury between T9 and T10 levels. The sign has also been observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a disease causing progressive weakening of the muscles of multiple areas of the body, and in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), a disease named after areas of the body it preferentially weakens (face, shoulder, and upper arm).
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