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Pusey–Barrett–Rudolph theorem. The Pusey–Barrett–Rudolph ( PBR) theorem [1] is a no-go theorem in quantum foundations due to Matthew Pusey, Jonathan Barrett, and Terry Rudolph (for whom the theorem is named) in 2012. It has particular significance for how one may interpret the nature of the quantum state . With respect to certain ...
In some materials, for example, in graphene and zigzag graphene quantum dot, there exists the energy states having energy eigenvalues exactly equal to zero (E=0) besides the conduction and valence bands. These states are called edge states which modifies the electronic and optical properties of the materials significantly. [3] [4] [5] [6]
e. In solid-state physics, the electronic band structure (or simply band structure) of a solid describes the range of energy levels that electrons may have within it, as well as the ranges of energy that they may not have (called band gaps or forbidden bands ).
e. The many-body problem is a general name for a vast category of physical problems pertaining to the properties of microscopic systems made of many interacting particles. Microscopic here implies that quantum mechanics has to be used to provide an accurate description of the system. Many can be anywhere from three to infinity (in the case of a ...
Electronic properties of graphene. Sigma and pi bonds in graphene. Sigma bonds result from an overlap of sp 2 hybrid orbitals, whereas pi bonds emerge from tunneling between the protruding p z orbitals. For clarity, only one p z orbital is shown with its three nearest neighbors. Graphene is a semimetal whose conduction and valence bands meet at ...
The journal publishes reviews, perspective, roadmap, technical review, expert recommendation, comment, year in review, viewpoint, and feature in all areas of fundamental and applied physics. Specific materials of interest will include, but are not limited to: Atomic, molecular and optical physics; Biophysics; Condensed matter and materials physics
In physics, there are four observed fundamental interactions (also known as fundamental forces) that form the basis of all known interactions in nature: gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear forces. Some speculative theories have proposed a fifth force to explain various anomalous observations that do not fit existing ...
For want of a better term, a gas which is radiating strongly because of coherence will be called "super-radiant". — Robert H. Dicke, 1954, [1] In quantum optics, superradiance is a phenomenon that occurs when a group of N emitters, such as excited atoms, interact with a common light field. If the wavelength of the light is much greater than ...