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The light blue region indicates a metastable solution where phase separation occurs and the white region corresponds to well-mixed states. The dark blue unstable region corresponds to states where spinodal decomposition occurs. Polymers can separate out from the solvent, and do so in a characteristic way. [4]
Two binary solutions of different compositions or even two pure components can be mixed with various mixing ratios by masses, moles, or volumes. The mass fraction of the resulting solution from mixing solutions with masses m 1 and m 2 and mass fractions w 1 and w 2 is given by:
The Basel problem is a problem in mathematical analysis with relevance to number theory, concerning an infinite sum of inverse squares.It was first posed by Pietro Mengoli in 1650 and solved by Leonhard Euler in 1734, [1] and read on 5 December 1735 in The Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences. [2]
Here, a A (1-x) B x is the lattice parameter of the solid solution, a A and a B are the lattice parameters of the pure constituents, and x is the molar fraction of B in the solid solution. Vegard's law is seldom perfectly obeyed; often deviations from the linear behavior are observed. A detailed study of such deviations was conducted by King. [3]
In mathematics, a harmonic progression (or harmonic sequence) is a progression formed by taking the reciprocals of an arithmetic progression . Equivalently, a sequence is a harmonic progression when each term is the harmonic mean of the neighboring terms. As a third equivalent characterization, it is an infinite sequence of the form.
Formally, a linear-fractional program is defined as the problem of maximizing (or minimizing) a ratio of affine functions over a polyhedron , where represents the vector of variables to be determined, and are vectors of (known) coefficients, is a (known) matrix of coefficients and are constants. The constraints have to restrict the feasible ...
Unit fractions can also be expressed using negative exponents, as in 2 −1, which represents 1/2, and 2 −2, which represents 1/(2 2) or 1/4. A dyadic fraction is a common fraction in which the denominator is a power of two, e.g. 1 / 8 = 1 / 2 3 . In Unicode, precomposed fraction characters are in the Number Forms block.
The lowest value is when the mole fraction is 0.5 for a mixture of two components, or 1/n for a mixture of n components. The entropy of mixing for an ideal solution of two species is maximized when the mole fraction of each species is 0.5.