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Chaos theory is an interdisciplinary area of scientific study and branch of mathematics. It focuses on underlying patterns and deterministic laws of dynamical systems that are highly sensitive to initial conditions. These were once thought to have completely random states of disorder and irregularities. [ 1]
Molecular geometry. Geometry of the water molecule with values for O-H bond length and for H-O-H bond angle between two bonds. Molecular geometry is the three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms that constitute a molecule. It includes the general shape of the molecule as well as bond lengths, bond angles, torsional angles and any other ...
Crystal structure of table salt (sodium in purple, chlorine in green) In crystallography, crystal structure is a description of ordered arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline material. [ 1] Ordered structures occur from intrinsic nature of constituent particles to form symmetric patterns that repeat along the principal ...
v. t. e. Mathematical chemistry[ 1] is the area of research engaged in novel applications of mathematics to chemistry; it concerns itself principally with the mathematical modeling of chemical phenomena. [ 2] Mathematical chemistry has also sometimes been called computer chemistry, but should not be confused with computational chemistry .
In statistical hypothesis testing, the analogous concepts are known as type I and type II errors, where a positive result corresponds to rejecting the null hypothesis, and a negative result corresponds to not rejecting the null hypothesis. The terms are often used interchangeably, but there are differences in detail and interpretation due to ...
Propagation of uncertainty. In statistics, propagation of uncertainty (or propagation of error) is the effect of variables ' uncertainties (or errors, more specifically random errors) on the uncertainty of a function based on them. When the variables are the values of experimental measurements they have uncertainties due to measurement ...
0. In chemistry, octahedral molecular geometry, also called square bipyramidal, [ 1] describes the shape of compounds with six atoms or groups of atoms or ligands symmetrically arranged around a central atom, defining the vertices of an octahedron. The octahedron has eight faces, hence the prefix octa. The octahedron is one of the Platonic ...
Bent's rule provides an additional level of accuracy to valence bond theory. Valence bond theory proposes that covalent bonds consist of two electrons lying in overlapping, usually hybridised, atomic orbitals from two bonding atoms. The assumption that a covalent bond is a linear combination of atomic orbitals of just the two bonding atoms is ...