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Fuller described probiotics as a "live microbial feed supplement which beneficially affects the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance." He stressed two important claims for probiotics: the viable nature of probiotics and the capacity to help with intestinal balance.
Bifidobacterium. See text. Bifidobacterium is a genus of gram-positive, nonmotile, often branched anaerobic bacteria. They are ubiquitous inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract [ 2][ 3] though strains have been isolated from the vagina [ 4] and mouth ( B. dentium) of mammals, including humans.
They are used in many dietary probiotic supplements. Theralac contains the strains Bifidobacterium lactis BI-07 and Bifidobacterium lactis BL-34 [5] (also called BI-04) in its probiotic capsule. Bifidobacterium animalis lactis HN019 (DR10) is a strain from Fonterra licensed to DuPont, which markets it as HOWARU Bifido.
Gut microbiota, gut microbiome, or gut flora are the microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, that live in the digestive tracts of animals. [ 1][ 2] The gastrointestinal metagenome is the aggregate of all the genomes of the gut microbiota. [ 3][ 4] The gut is the main location of the human microbiome. [ 5]
The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics ( ISAPP) is a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting the science behind probiotics and prebiotics. ISAPP participates in science-based written and oral communications and responds to emerging scientific issues regarding probiotics and prebiotics.
Lactobacillus is a genus of gram-positive, aerotolerant anaerobes or microaerophilic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria. [2] [3] Until 2020, the genus Lactobacillus comprised over 260 phylogenetically, ecologically, and metabolically diverse species; a taxonomic revision of the genus assigned lactobacilli to 25 genera (see § Taxonomy below).
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