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Binary decision diagram. In computer science, a binary decision diagram ( BDD) or branching program is a data structure that is used to represent a Boolean function. On a more abstract level, BDDs can be considered as a compressed representation of sets or relations. Unlike other compressed representations, operations are performed directly on ...
Each complete English word has an arbitrary integer value associated with it. In computer science, a trie ( / ˈtraɪ /, / ˈtriː / ), also called digital tree or prefix tree, [ 1] is a type of k -ary search tree, a tree data structure used for locating specific keys from within a set. These keys are most often strings, with links between ...
Bitwise operation. In computer programming, a bitwise operation operates on a bit string, a bit array or a binary numeral (considered as a bit string) at the level of its individual bits. It is a fast and simple action, basic to the higher-level arithmetic operations and directly supported by the processor.
Source code that does bit manipulation makes use of the bitwise operations: AND, OR, XOR, NOT, and possibly other operations analogous to the boolean operators; there are also bit shifts and operations to count ones and zeros, find high and low one or zero, set, reset and test bits, extract and insert fields, mask and zero fields, gather and ...
An x-fast trie containing the integers 1 (001 2), 4 (100 2) and 5 (101 2). Blue edges indicate descendant pointers. An x-fast trie is a bitwise trie: a binary tree where each subtree stores values whose binary representations start with a common prefix. Each internal node is labeled with the common prefix of the values in its subtree and ...
The Z-ordering can be used to efficiently build a quadtree (2D) or octree (3D) for a set of points. [4] [5] The basic idea is to sort the input set according to Z-order.Once sorted, the points can either be stored in a binary search tree and used directly, which is called a linear quadtree, [6] or they can be used to build a pointer based quadtree.
Prefix sums are trivial to compute in sequential models of computation, by using the formula y i = y i − 1 + x i to compute each output value in sequence order. However, despite their ease of computation, prefix sums are a useful primitive in certain algorithms such as counting sort, [1] [2] and they form the basis of the scan higher-order function in functional programming languages.
Exclusive or with one specified input, as a function of the other input, is an involution or self-inverse function; applying it twice leaves the variable input unchanged. A ⊕ B {\displaystyle ~A\oplus B~}