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Nicotine has been demonstrated to alter the amounts of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in humans. [ 22 ] Side effects of nicotine include mild headache, headache, dysphoria, depressed mood, irritability, aggression, frustration, impatience, anxiety, sleep disturbances, abnormal dreams, irritability, and dizziness.
An addictive personality refers to a hypothesized set of personality traits that make an individual predisposed to developing addictions. This hypothesis states that there may be common personality traits observable in people suffering from addiction; however, the lack of a universally agreed upon definition has marked the research surrounding ...
Smoking has therefore been studied more extensively than any other form of tobacco consumption. [2] In 2000, smoking was practiced by 1.22 billion people, predicted to rise to 1.45 billion people in 2010 and 1.5 to 1.9 billion by 2025. If prevalence had decreased by 2% a year since 2000 this figure would have been 1.3 billion in 2010 and 2025 ...
Depressive realism. Depressive realism is the hypothesis developed by Lauren Alloy and Lyn Yvonne Abramson [ 1] that depressed individuals make more realistic inferences than non-depressed individuals. Although depressed individuals are thought to have a negative cognitive bias that results in recurrent, negative automatic thoughts, maladaptive ...
Studies have found that wildfire smoke negatively affects brain health. New research suggests that increased exposure to smoke is associated with a higher risk of dementia. As wildfires become ...
Sharing memories can be uplifting and calming. It can boost a person’s mood and counteract feeling sick or even depressed. Feeling joyful when reminiscing makes your brain function better, says ...
Nicotine dependence[ notes 1] is a state of dependence upon nicotine. [ 1] Nicotine dependence is a chronic, relapsing disease defined as a compulsive craving to use the drug, despite social consequences, loss of control over drug intake, and emergence of withdrawal symptoms. [ 5] Tolerance is another component of drug dependence. [ 6]
163 million (2017) [ 8] Major depressive disorder ( MDD ), also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder [ 9] characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. Introduced by a group of US clinicians in the mid-1970s, [ 10] the term was adopted ...