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  2. Graph coloring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_coloring

    Graph coloring. A proper vertex coloring of the Petersen graph with 3 colors, the minimum number possible. In graph theory, graph coloring is a special case of graph labeling; it is an assignment of labels traditionally called "colors" to elements of a graph subject to certain constraints. In its simplest form, it is a way of coloring the ...

  3. Ramsey's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsey's_theorem

    Ramsey's theorem states that there exists a least positive integer R(r, s) for which every blue-red edge colouring of the complete graph on R(r, s) vertices contains a blue clique on r vertices or a red clique on s vertices. (Here R(r, s) signifies an integer that depends on both r and s .) Ramsey's theorem is a foundational result in ...

  4. Greedy coloring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greedy_coloring

    Greedy coloring. Two greedy colorings of the same crown graph using different vertex orders. The right example generalises to 2-colorable graphs with n vertices, where the greedy algorithm expends n/2 colors. In the study of graph coloring problems in mathematics and computer science, a greedy coloring or sequential coloring [1] is a coloring ...

  5. Tutte polynomial - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutte_polynomial

    The polynomial is the Tutte polynomial of the bull graph. The red line shows the intersection with the plane , which is essentially equivalent to the chromatic polynomial. The Tutte polynomial, also called the dichromate or the Tutte–Whitney polynomial, is a graph polynomial. It is a polynomial in two variables which plays an important role ...

  6. Brooks' theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooks'_theorem

    Brooks' theorem. In graph theory, Brooks' theorem states a relationship between the maximum degree of a graph and its chromatic number. According to the theorem, in a connected graph in which every vertex has at most Δ neighbors, the vertices can be colored with only Δ colors, except for two cases, complete graphs and cycle graphs of odd ...

  7. Queen's graph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen's_graph

    Biconnected, Hamiltonian. Table of graphs and parameters. In mathematics, a queen's graph is an undirected graph that represents all legal moves of the queen —a chess piece —on a chessboard. In the graph, each vertex represents a square on a chessboard, and each edge is a legal move the queen can make, that is, a horizontal, vertical or ...

  8. Cycle (graph theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycle_(graph_theory)

    Cycle (graph theory) A graph with edges colored to illustrate a closed walk, H–A–B–A–H, in green; a circuit which is a closed walk in which all edges are distinct, B–D–E–F–D–C–B, in blue; and a cycle which is a closed walk in which all vertices are distinct, H–D–G–H, in red. In graph theory, a cycle in a graph is a non ...

  9. Perfect matching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect_matching

    Perfect matching. In graph theory, a perfect matching in a graph is a matching that covers every vertex of the graph. More formally, given a graph G = (V, E), a perfect matching in G is a subset M of edge set E, such that every vertex in the vertex set V is adjacent to exactly one edge in M . A perfect matching is also called a 1-factor; see ...

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