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Muscle tension dysphonia. Muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) was originally coined in 1983 by Morrison [2] and describes a dysphonia caused by increased muscle tension of the muscles surrounding the voice box: the laryngeal and paralaryngeal muscles. [3] MTD is a unifying diagnosis for a previously poorly categorized disease process.
Frequency. 2 per 100,000 [1] Spasmodic dysphonia, also known as laryngeal dystonia, is a disorder in which the muscles that generate a person's voice go into periods of spasm. [1] [2] This results in breaks or interruptions in the voice, often every few sentences, which can make a person difficult to understand. [1]
A hoarse voice, also known as dysphonia or hoarseness, [1] is when the voice involuntarily sounds breathy, raspy, or strained, or is softer in volume or lower in pitch. [2] [3] [clarification needed] A hoarse voice can be associated with a feeling of unease or scratchiness in the throat. [2] Hoarseness is often a symptom of problems in the ...
Flaccid dysarthria. Flaccid dysarthria is a motor speech disorder resulting from damage to peripheral nervous system (cranial or spinal nerves) or lower motor neuron system. Depending on which nerves are damaged, flaccid dysarthria affects respiration, phonation, resonance, and articulation. It also causes weakness, hypotonia (low-muscle tone ...
Dysarthria is a speech sound disorder resulting from neurological injury of the motor component of the motor–speech system [1] and is characterized by poor articulation of phonemes. [2] In other words, it is a condition in which problems effectively occur with the muscles that help produce speech, often making it very difficult to pronounce ...
Bogart–Bacall syndrome is considered a secondary muscle tension dysphonia disorder, meaning that there is an abnormality in the voice box that causes the overuse of muscles to help produce your voice. This abnormality can be caused by an underlying medical reason or a physical exertion. By lowering vocal pitch, the larynx compresses the vocal ...
Reinke's edema is the swelling of the vocal cords due to fluid ( Edema) collected within the Reinke's space. [2] First identified by the German anatomist Friedrich B. Reinke in 1895, the Reinke's space is a gelatinous layer of the vocal cord located underneath the outer cells of the vocal cord. [3] [4] When a person speaks, the Reinke's space ...
Lee Silverman voice treatment. The Lee Silverman Voice Treatment – LOUD (LSVT LOUD) is a treatment for speech disorders associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). It focuses on increasing vocal loudness and is delivered by a speech therapist in sixteen one-hour sessions spread over four weeks. [1] [2] A derivative of this treatment, known as ...
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