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Mapping approaches. There are two distinctive mapping approaches used in the field of genome mapping: genetic maps (also known as linkage maps) and physical maps. While both maps are a collection of genetic markers and gene loci, genetic maps' distances are based on the genetic linkage information, while physical maps use actual physical distances usually measured in number of base pairs.
Physical mapping. Physical map is a technique used in molecular biology to find the order and physical distance between DNA base pairs by DNA markers. [1] It is one of the gene mapping techniques which can determine the sequence of DNA base pairs with high accuracy. Genetic mapping, another approach of gene mapping, can provide markers needed ...
Genetic map function. In genetics, mapping functions are used to model the relationship between map distance (measured in map units or centimorgans) between markers and recombination frequency between markers. One utility of this is that it allows values to be obtained for genetic distances, which is typically not estimable, from recombination ...
Centimorgan. In genetics, a centimorgan (abbreviated cM) or map unit ( m.u.) is a unit for measuring genetic linkage. It is defined as the distance between chromosome positions (also termed loci or markers) for which the expected average number of intervening chromosomal crossovers in a single generation is 0.01.
Shotgun sequencing. In genetics, shotgun sequencing is a method used for sequencing random DNA strands. It is named by analogy with the rapidly expanding, quasi-random shot grouping of a shotgun . The chain-termination method of DNA sequencing ("Sanger sequencing") can only be used for short DNA strands of 100 to 1000 base pairs.
They serve as landmarks on the developing physical map of a genome. When STS loci contain genetic polymorphisms (e.g. simple sequence length polymorphisms, SSLPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms), they become valuable genetic markers, i.e. loci which can be used to distinguish individuals.
A linkage map is not a physical map (such as a radiation reduced hybrid map) or gene map. Linkage analysis. Linkage analysis is a genetic method that searches for chromosomal segments that cosegregate with the ailment phenotype through families. It can be used to map genes for both binary and quantitative traits.
Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) are genetically engineered chromosomes derived from the DNA of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae [1], which is then ligated into a bacterial plasmid. By inserting large fragments of DNA, from 100–1000 kb, the inserted sequences can be cloned and physically mapped using a process called chromosome walking.