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B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism and synthesis of red blood cells. [ 1][ 2] They are a chemically diverse class of compounds. [ 1] Dietary supplements containing all eight are referred to as a vitamin B complex. Individual B vitamins are referred to by B-number or by chemical name ...
Thiamine, also known as thiamin and vitamin B 1, is a vitamin, an essential micronutrient for humans and animals. [3] [4] It is found in food and commercially synthesized to be a dietary supplement or medication. [1] [5] Phosphorylated forms of thiamine are required for some metabolic reactions, including the breakdown of glucose and amino ...
Vitamin C can be synthesized by some species but not by others. Vitamin B 12 is the only vitamin or nutrient not available from plant sources. The Food Fortification Initiative lists countries which have mandatory fortification programs for vitamins folic acid, niacin, vitamin A and vitamins B 1, B 2 and B 12. [9]
Cyanocobalamin is a form of vitamin B. 12 used to treat and prevent vitamin B. 12 deficiency except in the presence of cyanide toxicity. [ 7][ 8][ 2] The deficiency may occur in pernicious anemia, following surgical removal of the stomach, with fish tapeworm, or due to bowel cancer.
Thiamine deficiency. Thiamine deficiency is a medical condition of low levels of thiamine (vitamin B 1 ). [ 1] A severe and chronic form is known as beriberi. [ 1][ 7] The name beriberi was possibly borrowed in the 18th century from the Sinhalese phrase බැරි බැරි (bæri bæri, “I cannot, I cannot”), owing to the weakness ...
Vitamin B complex. Vitamin B 1 (thiamin) Vitamin B 2 (riboflavin) Vitamin B 3 (niacin) Vitamin B 5 (pantothenic acid) Vitamin B 6 group: Pyridoxine; Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate; Pyridoxamine; Vitamin B 7 (biotin) Vitamin B 9 (folate) Vitamin B 12 (cobalamin) Choline; Vitamin A (e.g. retinol (see also - provitamin A carotenoids)) Vitamin C (Ascorbic ...
Dietary β-carotene is a provitamin A compound, converting in the body to retinol (vitamin A). [8] In foods, it has rich content in carrots, pumpkin, spinach, and sweet potato. [8] It is used as a dietary supplement and may be prescribed to treat erythropoietic protoporphyria, an inherited condition of sunlight sensitivity. [9]
In plants a micronutrient deficiency (or trace mineral deficiency) is a physiological plant disorder which occurs when a micronutrient is deficient in the soil in which a plant grows. Micronutrients are distinguished from macronutrients ( nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium and magnesium) by the relatively low quantities needed by ...