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  2. Percentage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentage

    In mathematics, a percentage (from Latin per centum 'by a hundred') is a number or ratio expressed as a fraction of 100. It is often denoted using the percent sign (%), [ 1] although the abbreviations pct., pct, and sometimes pc are also used. [ 2] A percentage is a dimensionless number (pure number), primarily used for expressing proportions ...

  3. Quantile - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantile

    Quantile. Probability density of a normal distribution, with quantiles shown. The area below the red curve is the same in the intervals (−∞,Q1), (Q1,Q2), (Q2,Q3), and (Q3,+∞). In statistics and probability, quantiles are cut points dividing the range of a probability distribution into continuous intervals with equal probabilities, or ...

  4. Coefficient of relationship - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient_of_relationship

    The coefficient of relationship is a measure of the degree of consanguinity (or biological relationship) between two individuals. The term coefficient of relationship was defined by Sewall Wright in 1922, and was derived from his definition of the coefficient of inbreeding of 1921. The measure is most commonly used in genetics and genealogy.

  5. Odds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odds

    The true odds against winning for each of the three horses are 11, 3–2 and 9–1, respectively. In order to generate a profit on the wagers accepted, the bookmaker may decide to increase the values to 60%, 50% and 20% for the three horses, respectively. This represents the odds against each, which are 46, 11 and 41, in order.

  6. Rhind Mathematical Papyrus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhind_Mathematical_Papyrus

    However, even Ahmes' answer here is inconsistent with the problem's other information. Happily the context of 51 and 52, together with the base, mid-line, and smaller triangle area (which are given as 4 + 1/2, 2 + 1/4 and 7 + 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8, respectively) make it possible to interpret the problem and its solution as has been done here. The ...

  7. Golden ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_ratio

    The golden ratio's negative −φ and reciprocal φ−1 are the two roots of the quadratic polynomial x2 + x1. The golden ratio is also an algebraic number and even an algebraic integer. It has minimal polynomial. This quadratic polynomial has two roots, and. The golden ratio is also closely related to the polynomial.

  8. Stern–Brocot tree - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stern–Brocot_tree

    For instance, the continued fraction representation of 13 ⁄ 9 is [1;2,4] and its two children are [1;2,5] = 16 ⁄ 11 (the right child) and [1;2,3,2] = 23 ⁄ 16 (the left child). It is clear that for each finite continued fraction expression one can repeatedly move to its parent, and reach the root [1;]= 11 of the tree in finitely many ...

  9. Parts-per notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parts-per_notation

    In fractions like "2 nanometers per meter" (2 n m / m = 2 nano = 2×10 −9 = 2 ppb = 2 × 0.000 000 001), so the quotients are pure-number coefficients with positive values less than or equal to 1. When parts-per notations, including the percent symbol (%), are used in regular prose (as opposed to mathematical expressions), they are still pure ...