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2. Backwashing (water treatment) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backwashing_(water_treatment)

   Backwashing is a form of preventive maintenance so that the filter media can be reused. In water treatment plants, backwashing can be an automated process that is run by local programmable logic controllers (PLCs). The backwash cycle is triggered after a set time interval, when the filter effluent turbidity is greater than a treatment guideline ...

3. Sand filter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_filter

   There are several kinds of depth filters, some employing fibrous material and others employing granular materials. Sand bed filters are an example of a granular loose media depth filter. They are usually used to separate small amounts (<10 parts per million or <10 g per cubic metre) of fine solids (<100 micrometres) from aqueous solutions.

4. Rapid sand filter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_sand_filter

   Rapid sand filter. The rapid sand filter or rapid gravity filter is a type of filter used in water purification and is commonly used in municipal drinking water facilities as part of a multiple-stage treatment system. [1] These systems are complex and expensive to operate and maintain, and therefore less suitable for small communities and ...

5. Slow sand filter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow_sand_filter

   Slow sand filter. Slow sand filters are used in water purification for treating raw water to produce a potable product. They are typically 1–2 m (3.3–6.6 ft) deep, can be rectangular or cylindrical in cross section and are used primarily to treat surface water. The length and breadth of the tanks are determined by the flow rate desired for ...

6. Lamella clarifier - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamella_clarifier

   Range of applications. Lamella clarifiers can be used in a range of industries, including mining and metal finishing, as well as to treat groundwater, industrial process water and backwash from sand filters. [1] Lamella clarifiers are ideal for applications where the solids loading is variable and the solids sizing is fine. [2]

7. Depth filter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_filter

   Depth filter. Depth filters are filters that use a porous filtration medium to retain particles throughout the medium, rather than just on the surface of the medium. Depth filtration, typified by multiple porous layers with depth, is used to capture the solid contaminants from the liquid phase. [1] These filters are commonly used when the fluid ...