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Financial economics. In financial economics, contingent claim analysis is widely used as a framework both for developing pricing models, and for extending the theory. Thus, from its origins in option pricing and the valuation of corporate liabilities, it has become a major approach to intertemporal equilibrium under uncertainty.
Warranty. In law, a warranty is an expressed or implied promise or assurance of some kind. The term's meaning varies across legal subjects. [1] In property law, it refers to a covenant by the grantor of a deed. [2] In insurance law, it refers to a promise by the purchaser of an insurance about the thing or person to be insured.
In the insurance industry, "replacement cost" or " replacement cost value " is one of several methods of determining the value of an insured item. Replacement cost is the actual cost to replace an item or structure at its pre-loss condition. This may not be the "market value" of the item, and is typically distinguished from the "actual cash ...
Product liability is the area of law in which manufacturers, distributors, suppliers, retailers, and others who make products available to the public are held responsible for the injuries those products cause. Although the word "product" has broad connotations, product liability as an area of law is traditionally limited to products in the form ...
Adverse selection. In economics, insurance, and risk management, adverse selection is a market situation where buyers and sellers have different information. The result is the unequal distribution of benefits to both parties, with the party having the key information benefiting more. In an ideal world, buyers should pay a price which reflects ...
Screening in economics refers to a strategy of combating adverse selection – one of the potential decision-making complications in cases of asymmetric information – by the agent (s) with less information. For the purposes of screening, asymmetric information cases assume two economic agents, with agents attempting to engage in some sort of ...
For example, the realization of labor income for a given individual is private information and it cannot be known without cost by anyone else. If an insurance company cannot verify the individual's labor income, the former would always have the incentive to claim a low realization of income and the market would collapse.
Economic loss is a term of art which refers to financial loss and damage suffered by a person which is seen only on a balance sheet and not as physical injury to person or property. There is a fundamental distinction between pure economic loss and consequential economic loss , as pure economic loss occurs independent of any physical damage to ...