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Chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder ( CKD–MBD) is one of the many complications associated with chronic kidney disease. It represents a systemic disorder of mineral and bone metabolism due to CKD manifested by either one or a combination of the following: [1] [2] Abnormalities of calcium, phosphorus ( phosphate ), parathyroid ...
Chronic kidney disease. Chronic kidney disease ( CKD) is a type of long-term kidney disease, in which either there is a gradual loss of kidney function occurs over a period of months to years, or abnormal kidney structure (with normal function). [ 2][ 5] Initially generally no symptoms are seen, but later symptoms may include leg swelling ...
Kidney failure, also known as end-stage renal disease ( ESRD ), is a medical condition in which the kidneys can no longer adequately filter waste products from the blood, functioning at less than 15% of normal levels. [ 2] Kidney failure is classified as either acute kidney failure, which develops rapidly and may resolve; and chronic kidney ...
[3] Researchers have hypothesized that the syndrome may be due to blood vessel diseases of the kidney, spasms of the kidney vessels, or other bleeding disorders (coagulopathy). The hematuria in LPHS may be due to an abnormal (thick or thin) glomerular basement membrane. The glomerular basement membrane is a tissue in the kidney that filters the ...
Renal osteodystrophy is currently defined as an alteration of bone morphology in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). [ 1] It is one measure of the skeletal component of the systemic disorder of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). [ 1][ 2][ 3] The term "renal osteodystrophy" was coined in 1943, [ 4] 60 years after ...
Lower respiratory tract infection ( LRTI) is a term often used as a synonym for pneumonia but can also be applied to other types of infection including lung abscess and acute bronchitis. Symptoms include shortness of breath, weakness, fever, coughing and fatigue. [ 3] A routine chest X-ray is not always necessary for people who have symptoms of ...
Diabetic nephropathy, also known as diabetic kidney disease, [ 5] is the chronic loss of kidney function occurring in those with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic nephropathy is the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally. The triad of protein leaking into the urine (proteinuria or albuminuria ...
Hyponatremia. Hyponatremia or hyponatraemia is a low concentration of sodium in the blood. [ 4] It is generally defined as a sodium concentration of less than 135 mmol/L (135 mEq/L ), with severe hyponatremia being below 120 mEq/L. [ 3][ 8] Symptoms can be absent, mild or severe. [ 2][ 9] Mild symptoms include a decreased ability to think ...