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  2. Ordinary differential equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinary_differential_equation

    e. In mathematics, an ordinary differential equation ( ODE) is a differential equation (DE) dependent on only a single independent variable. As with other DE, its unknown (s) consists of one (or more) function (s) and involves the derivatives of those functions. [1] The term "ordinary" is used in contrast with partial differential equations ...

  3. Variation of parameters - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variation_of_parameters

    t. e. In mathematics, variation of parameters, also known as variation of constants, is a general method to solve inhomogeneous linear ordinary differential equations . For first-order inhomogeneous linear differential equations it is usually possible to find solutions via integrating factors or undetermined coefficients with considerably less ...

  4. Abel's identity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel's_identity

    In mathematics, Abel's identity (also called Abel's formula [1] or Abel's differential equation identity) is an equation that expresses the Wronskian of two solutions of a homogeneous second-order linear ordinary differential equation in terms of a coefficient of the original differential equation. The relation can be generalised to n th-order ...

  5. Differential equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_equation

    An ordinary differential equation ( ODE) is an equation containing an unknown function of one real or complex variable x, its derivatives, and some given functions of x. The unknown function is generally represented by a variable (often denoted y ), which, therefore, depends on x. Thus x is often called the independent variable of the equation.

  6. Characteristic equation (calculus) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic_equation...

    Characteristic equation (calculus) In mathematics, the characteristic equation (or auxiliary equation [1]) is an algebraic equation of degree n upon which depends the solution of a given nth- order differential equation [2] or difference equation. [3] [4] The characteristic equation can only be formed when the differential or difference ...

  7. Initial value problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_value_problem

    Initial value problem. In multivariable calculus, an initial value problem [a] ( IVP) is an ordinary differential equation together with an initial condition which specifies the value of the unknown function at a given point in the domain. Modeling a system in physics or other sciences frequently amounts to solving an initial value problem.

  8. Separation of variables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_variables

    t. e. In mathematics, separation of variables (also known as the Fourier method) is any of several methods for solving ordinary and partial differential equations, in which algebra allows one to rewrite an equation so that each of two variables occurs on a different side of the equation.

  9. Boundary value problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_value_problem

    In the study of differential equations, a boundary-value problem is a differential equation subjected to constraints called boundary conditions. [1] A solution to a boundary value problem is a solution to the differential equation which also satisfies the boundary conditions. Boundary value problems arise in several branches of physics as any ...