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The Basel problem is a problem in mathematical analysis with relevance to number theory, concerning an infinite sum of inverse squares. It was first posed by Pietro Mengoli in 1650 and solved by Leonhard Euler in 1734, [1] and read on 5 December 1735 in The Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences. [2] Since the problem had withstood the attacks of ...
The central binomial coefficients give the number of possible number of assignments of n -a-side sports teams from 2 n players, taking into account the playing area side. The central binomial coefficient is the number of arrangements where there are an equal number of two types of objects. For example, when , the binomial coefficient is equal ...
The Catalan numbers can be interpreted as a special case of the Bertrand's ballot theorem. Specifically, is the number of ways for a candidate A with n+1 votes to lead candidate B with n votes. The two-parameter sequence of non-negative integers is a generalization of the Catalan numbers.
In this way an airport problem generates an airport game (N,c). As the value of each one-person coalition (i) equals C(i), we can rediscover the airport problem from the airport game theory. Nash Equilibrium. Nash equilibrium, also known as non-cooperative game equilibrium, is an essential term in game theory described by John Nash in
Definition and divergence[edit] The harmonic series is the infinite series in which the terms are all of the positive unit fractions. It is a divergent series: as more terms of the series are included in partial sums of the series, the values of these partial sums grow arbitrarily large, beyond any finite limit.
Bertrand's postulate was proposed for applications to permutation groups. Sylvester (1814–1897) generalized the weaker statement with the statement: the product of k consecutive integers greater than k is divisible by a prime greater than k. Bertrand's (weaker) postulate follows from this by taking k = n, and considering the k numbers n + 1 ...
It is known that ζ(3) is irrational (Apéry's theorem) and that infinitely many of the numbers ζ(2n + 1) : n ∈ , are irrational. There are also results on the irrationality of values of the Riemann zeta function at the elements of certain subsets of the positive odd integers; for example, at least one of ζ (5), ζ (7), ζ (9), or ζ (11 ...
John Wallis, English mathematician who is given partial credit for the development of infinitesimal calculus and pi. Viète's formula, a different infinite product formula for. π {\displaystyle \pi } . Leibniz formula for π, an infinite sum that can be converted into an infinite Euler product for π. Wallis sieve.