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The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit of time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium. More simply, the speed of sound is how fast vibrations travel. At 20 °C (68 °F), the speed of sound in air is about 343 m/s (1,125 ft/s; 1,235 km/h; 767 mph; 667 kn), or 1 km in 2.91 s or one mile in 4.69 s.
Acoustic wave equation. In physics, the acoustic wave equation is a second-order partial differential equation that governs the propagation of acoustic waves through a material medium resp. a standing wavefield. The equation describes the evolution of acoustic pressure p or particle velocity u as a function of position x and time t.
Acoustic wave is a mechanical wave that transmits energy through the movements of atoms and molecules. Acoustic wave transmits through fluids in longitudinal manner (movement of particles are parallel to the direction of propagation of the wave); in contrast to electromagnetic wave that transmits in transverse manner (movement of particles at a right angle to the direction of propagation of ...
The wave equation is a hyperbolic partial differential equation describing waves, including traveling and standing waves; the latter can be considered as linear superpositions of waves traveling in opposite directions. This article mostly focuses on the scalar wave equation describing waves in scalars by scalar functions u = u (x, y, z, t) of a ...
In a sound wave, the complementary variable to sound pressure is the particle velocity. Together, they determine the sound intensity of the wave. Sound intensity, denoted I and measured in W·m −2 in SI units, is defined by =, where p is the sound pressure, v is the particle velocity.
The phase velocity is the rate at which the phase of the wave propagates in space. The group velocity is the rate at which the wave envelope, i.e. the changes in amplitude, propagates. The wave envelope is the profile of the wave amplitudes; all transverse displacements are bound by the envelope profile.
Acoustic impedance and specific acoustic impedance are measures of the opposition that a system presents to the acoustic flow resulting from an acoustic pressure applied to the system. The SI unit of acoustic impedance is the pascal-second per cubic metre (symbol Pa·s/m 3), or in the MKS system the rayl per square metre (Rayl/m 2), while that ...
The speed of sound (i.e., the longitudinal motion of wavefronts) is related to frequency and wavelength of a wave by =.. This is different from the particle velocity , which refers to the motion of molecules in the medium due to the sound, and relates to the plane wave pressure to the fluid density and sound speed by =.