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Instead you use this (*ptr).kg and you force compiler to 1st dereference the pointer and enable acess to the chunk of data and 2nd you add an offset (designator) to choose the member. Check this image I made: But if you would have nested members this syntax would become unreadable and therefore -> was introduced.
Historically, the first extensions used for C++ were .c and .h, exactly like for C. This caused practical problems, especially the .c which didn't allow build systems to easily differentiate C++ and C files. Unix, on which C++ has been developed, has case sensitive file systems. So some used .C for C++ files.
To add to what Evan said: C does not have a built-in operator for exponentiation, because it is not a primitive operation for most CPUs. Thus, it's implemented as a library function. Thus, it's implemented as a library function.
The & operator performs a bit-wise and operation on its integer operands, producing an integer result. Thus (8 & 4) is (0b00001000 bitand 0b00000100) (using a binary notation that does not exist in standard C, for clarity), which results in 0b00000000 or 0. The && operator performs a logical and operation on its boolean operands, producing a ...
Jun 8, 2012 at 11:31. printf needs to know the size of the argument in order to print it (to cast it appropriately, so to say). A char has size 1, an int has at least that, on most machines more. Also, when using %c you want a character printed, not a number. In the D language, you would always use %s and let the compiler worry about the types.
1. In C, %[^\n] has no meaning. In the scanf formatting language (which is used by C) it means that your code has opened a very large vulnerability to an overflow exploit. Learning the scanf formatting language is not learning C. Indeed, doing so is an impediment to learning C. – William Pursell.
Where modern C uses +=, early C used =+. Early C had no unary + operator, but it did have a unary -operator, and the use of =-caused problems; programmers would write x=-y intending it to mean x = -y, but it was silently interpreted as x =- y. The language was changed some time between 1975 and 1978 to avoid that problem.
If you think of them as pointers, you'll be using * to get at the values inside of them as explained above, but there is also another, more common way using the [] operator: int a[2]; // array of integers. int i = *a; // the value of the first element of a. int i2 = a[0]; // another way to get the first element.
3. C is not object oriented language. C is a general-purpose, imperative language, supporting structured programming. Because C isn't object oriented therefore C++ came into existence in order to have OOPs feature and OOP is a programming language model organized around objects.
So to send the message the C program needs to: create a socket. lookup the IP address. open the socket. send the request. wait for the response. close the socket. The send and receive calls won't necessarily send/receive ALL the data you give them - they will return the number of bytes actually sent/received.