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A data structure known as a hash table.. In computer science, a data structure is a data organization, and storage format that is usually chosen for efficient access to data. [1] [2] [3] More precisely, a data structure is a collection of data values, the relationships among them, and the functions or operations that can be applied to the data, [4] i.e., it is an algebraic structure about data.
The heap data structure, specifically the binary heap, was introduced by J. W. J. Williams in 1964, as a data structure for the heapsort sorting algorithm. [3] Heaps are also crucial in several efficient graph algorithms such as Dijkstra's algorithm. When a heap is a complete binary tree, it has the smallest possible height—a heap with N ...
In computer science, heapsort is a comparison-based sorting algorithm which can be thought of as "an implementation of selection sort using the right data structure." Like selection sort, heapsort divides its input into a sorted and an unsorted region, and it iteratively shrinks the unsorted region by extracting the largest element from it and inserting it into the sorted region. Unlike select
Priority queue. In computer science, a priority queue is an abstract data type similar to a regular queue or stack abstract data type. Each element in a priority queue has an associated priority. In a priority queue, elements with high priority are served before elements with low priority. In some implementations, if two elements have the same ...
In computer science, a disjoint-set data structure, also called a union–find data structure or merge–find set, is a data structure that stores a collection of disjoint (non-overlapping) sets. Equivalently, it stores a partition of a set into disjoint subsets. It provides operations for adding new sets, merging sets (replacing them by their ...
Abstract data type. In computer science, an abstract data type ( ADT) is a mathematical model for data types, defined by its behavior ( semantics) from the point of view of a user of the data, specifically in terms of possible values, possible operations on data of this type, and the behavior of these operations.
Double-ended queue. In computer science, a double-ended queue (abbreviated to deque, / dɛk / DEK [1]) is an abstract data type that generalizes a queue, for which elements can be added to or removed from either the front (head) or back (tail). [2] It is also often called a head-tail linked list, though properly this refers to a specific data ...
Hash table. A small phone book as a hash table. In computing, a hash table is a data structure often used to implement the map (a.k.a. dictionary or associative array) abstract data type. A hash table uses a hash function to compute an index, also called a hash code, into an array of buckets or slots, from which the desired value can be found.