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Liquid cooling is typically combined with air cooling, using liquid cooling for the hottest components, such as CPUs or GPUs, while retaining the simpler and cheaper air cooling for less demanding components. The IBM Aquasar system uses hot water cooling to achieve energy efficiency, the water being used to heat buildings as well. [39] [40]
In computing and electronics, liquid cooling involves the technology that uses a special water block to conduct heat away from the processor as well as the chipset. [ 1] This method can also be used in combination with other traditional cooling methods such as those that use air. The application to microelectronics is either indirect or direct.
Water cooling is a method of heat removal from components and industrial equipment. Evaporative cooling using water is often more efficient than air cooling. Water is inexpensive and non-toxic; however, it can contain impurities and cause corrosion. Water cooling is commonly used for cooling automobile internal combustion engines and power ...
By the late 1970s and early 1980s, patented technology allowed Amdahl mainframes of this era to be completely air-cooled, unlike IBM systems that required chilled water and its supporting infrastructure. [15] The eight largest of the 18 models of the ES/9000 systems introduced in 1990 were water-cooled; the other ten were air-cooled. [16]
Immersion cooling. Immersion cooling is an IT cooling practice by which complete servers are immersed in a dielectric, electrically non-conductive fluid that has significantly higher thermal conductivity than air. Heat is removed from a system by putting the coolant in direct contact with hot components, and circulating the heated liquid ...
A Cray-2 and its Fluorinert-cooling "waterfall", formerly serial number 2101, the only 8-processor system ever made, for NERSC A Cray-2 operated by NASA Front view of 1985 Supercomputer Cray-2, Musée des Arts et Métiers, Paris Side view of 1985 Supercomputer Cray-2, Musée des Arts et Métiers, Paris Detail of the upper part of the Cray-2 Inside of the Cray-2
Heat pipe. A laptop computer heat pipe system. A heat pipe is a heat-transfer device that employs phase transition to transfer heat between two solid interfaces. [ 1] At the hot interface of a heat pipe, a volatile liquid in contact with a thermally conductive solid surface turns into a vapor by absorbing heat from that surface.
Aquasar is a supercomputer (a high-performance computer) prototype created by IBM Labs in collaboration with ETH Zurich in Zürich, Switzerland and ETH Lausanne in Lausanne, Switzerland. [ 1] While most supercomputers use air as their coolant of choice, the Aquasar uses hot water to achieve its great computing efficiency.
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