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Scientific misconduct is the violation of the standard codes of scholarly conduct and ethical behavior in the publication of professional scientific research. A Lancet review on Handling of Scientific Misconduct in Scandinavian countries gave examples of policy definitions. In Denmark, scientific misconduct is defined as "intention [al ...
The PDF of the paper. " Why Most Published Research Findings Are False " is a 2005 essay written by John Ioannidis, a professor at the Stanford School of Medicine, and published in PLOS Medicine. [ 1] It is considered foundational to the field of metascience . In the paper, Ioannidis argued that a large number, if not the majority, of published ...
After amplification: The thesis paper was difficult: it required extensive research, data collection, sample surveys, interviews and a lot of fieldwork. Anagram: Rearranging the letters of a word or a phrase to form a new phrase or word. E.g., An anagram for "debit card" is "bad credit". As you can see, both phrases use the same letters.
Fallacy of exclusive premises – a categorical syllogism that is invalid because both of its premises are negative. [ 11] Fallacy of four terms ( quaternio terminorum) – a categorical syllogism that has four terms. [ 12] Illicit major – a categorical syllogism that is invalid because its major term is not distributed in the major premise ...
This article lists notable examples of media projects, including films, music, and video games, that were or have been in development for at least ten years after their first public announcement before release without being officially cancelled, a state known as "development hell", or, in the software industry, vaporware.
Research ethics. Research ethics is a discipline within the study of applied ethics. Its scope ranges from general scientific integrity and misconduct to the treatment of human and animal subjects. The societal responsibilities that science and research have are not traditionally included and are less well defined. [ 1]
Academic style has often been criticized for being too full of jargon and hard to understand by the general public. [11] [12] In 2022, Joelle Renstrom argued that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on academic writing and that many scientific articles now "contain more jargon than ever, which encourages misinterpretation, political spin, and a declining public trust in the ...
The company has been upgrading patients who use its eye treatment, Eylea, to a higher-dose version to beat the impact from cheaper biosimilars available in the market and rival drugs. U.S. sales ...