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A spinal disc herniation is an injury to the intervertebral disc between two spinal vertebrae, usually caused by excessive strain or trauma to the spine. It may result in back pain, pain or sensation in different parts of the body, and physical disability. The most conclusive diagnostic tool for disc herniation is MRI, and treatment may range ...
Lumbar disc disease is the drying out of the spongy interior matrix of an intervertebral disc in the spine. Many physicians and patients use the term lumbar disc disease to encompass several different causes of back pain or sciatica. In this article, the term is used to describe a lumbar herniated disc. It is thought that lumbar disc disease ...
Failed back syndrome or post-laminectomy syndrome is a condition characterized by chronic pain following back surgeries. [1] [2] Many factors can contribute to the onset or development of FBS, including residual or recurrent spinal disc herniation, persistent post-operative pressure on a spinal nerve, altered joint mobility, joint hypermobility with instability, scar tissue (), depression ...
Connective tissue disease. Degenerative disc disease ( DDD) is a medical condition typically brought on by the normal aging process in which there are anatomic changes and possibly a loss of function of one or more intervertebral discs of the spine. [ 1] DDD can take place with or without symptoms, but is typically identified once symptoms arise.
The straight leg raise test is almost always positive in those with disc herniation, [5] and lumbar provocative discography may be useful to identify a specific disc causing pain in those with chronic high levels of low back pain. [45] Therapeutic procedures such as nerve blocks can also be used to determine a specific source of pain. [5]
Spinal disc herniation pressing on one of the lumbar or sacral nerve roots is the most frequent cause of sciatica, being present in about 90% of cases. [4] This is particularly true in those under age 50. [12] Disc herniation most often occurs during heavy lifting. [13]
Frequency. 1 in 500,000 a year. Cauda equina syndrome ( CES) is a condition that occurs when the bundle of nerves below the end of the spinal cord known as the cauda equina is damaged. [ 2] Signs and symptoms include low back pain, pain that radiates down the leg, numbness around the anus, and loss of bowel or bladder control. [ 1]
Disc protrusion. [ 1] A disc protrusion is a medical condition that can occur in some vertebrates, including humans, in which the outermost layers of the anulus fibrosus of the intervertebral discs of the spine are intact but bulge when one or more of the discs are under pressure. Many disk abnormalities seen on MRI that are loosely referred to ...