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The social discount rate is a reflection of a society's relative valuation on today's well-being versus well-being in the future. The appropriate selection of a social discount rate is crucial for cost–benefit analysis, and has important implications for resource allocations. There is wide diversity in social discount rates, with developed ...
In reality, carbon tax and carbon emission trading only cover a limited number of countries and sectors, which is vastly below the optimal SCC. The social cost of carbon ranges from −$13 to $2387 per tonne of CO 2, while the carbon pricing at present only ranges from $0.50 to $137 per tonne of CO 2 in 2022. [24]
where s is the social discount rate, γ the PTP-rate, η the marginal elasticity of utility, and g the rate of growth of per-capita consumption (Dietz, 2008, p. 10). Stern accepts the case for discounting, but argues that applying a PTP-rate of anything much more than zero to social policy choice is ethically inappropriate. [39]
The descriptive approach is based on what discount rates are observed in the behaviour of people making every day decisions (the private discount rate) (IPCC, 2007c:813). In the prescriptive approach, a discount rate is chosen based on what is thought to be in the best interests of future generations (the social discount rate).
Discount rate may refer to: Social discount rate (of consumption), the rate at which the weight given to future consumption decreases in economic models. Pure time preference, or utility discount rate, the rate at which the weight given to future utility decreases in economic models. Annual effective discount rate, an alternative measure of ...
Time preferences are captured mathematically in the discount function. The higher the time preference, the higher the discount placed on returns receivable or costs payable in the future. One of the factors that may determine an individual's time preference is how long that individual has lived. An older individual may have a lower time ...
Hyperbolic discounting is mathematically described as. where g ( D) is the discount factor that multiplies the value of the reward, D is the delay in the reward, and k is a parameter governing the degree of discounting (for example, the interest rate ). This is compared with the formula for exponential discounting:
A discount rate applied times over equal subintervals of a year is found from the annual effective rate d as. where is called the annual nominal rate of discount convertible thly. is the force of interest . The rate is always bigger than d because the rate of discount convertible thly is applied in each subinterval to a smaller (already ...