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PASS Sample Size Software. PASS is a computer program for estimating sample size or determining the power of a statistical test or confidence interval. NCSS LLC is the company that produces PASS. NCSS LLC also produces NCSS (for statistical analysis). PASS includes over 920 documented sample size and power procedures.
Sample size determination or estimation is the act of choosing the number of observations or replicates to include in a statistical sample. The sample size is an important feature of any empirical study in which the goal is to make inferences about a population from a sample.
The Shapiro–Wilk test tests the null hypothesis that a sample x1, ..., xn came from a normally distributed population. The test statistic is. where. with parentheses enclosing the subscript index i is the i th order statistic, i.e., the i th-smallest number in the sample (not to be confused with ). is the sample mean.
A test's power is the probability of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false; a test's power is influenced by the choice of significance level for the test, the size of the effect being measured, and the amount of data available.
Cochran's test is a non-parametric statistical test to verify whether k treatments have identical effects in the analysis of two-way randomized block designs where the response variable is binary. [1] [2] [3] It is named after William Gemmell Cochran. Cochran's Q test should not be confused with Cochran's C test, which is a variance outlier test.
Binomial proportion confidence interval In statistics, a binomial proportion confidence interval is a confidence interval for the probability of success calculated from the outcome of a series of success–failure experiments ( Bernoulli trials ). In other words, a binomial proportion confidence interval is an interval estimate of a success probability when only the number of experiments and ...
A longitudinal study (or longitudinal survey, or panel study) is a research design that involves repeated observations of the same variables (e.g., people) over long periods of time (i.e., uses longitudinal data ). It is often a type of observational study, although it can also be structured as longitudinal randomized experiment.
Sampling fraction. In sampling theory, the sampling fraction is the ratio of sample size to population size or, in the context of stratified sampling, the ratio of the sample size to the size of the stratum. [1] The formula for the sampling fraction is. where n is the sample size and N is the population size.
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