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  2. Randomized controlled trial - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial

    A randomized controlled trial (or randomized control trial; [2] RCT) is a form of scientific experiment used to control factors not under direct experimental control. Examples of RCTs are clinical trials that compare the effects of drugs, surgical techniques, medical devices, diagnostic procedures, diets or other medical treatments.

  3. Sample size determination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_size_determination

    Sample size determination or estimation is the act of choosing the number of observations or replicates to include in a statistical sample. The sample size is an important feature of any empirical study in which the goal is to make inferences about a population from a sample. In practice, the sample size used in a study is usually determined ...

  4. Power of a test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_of_a_test

    Power of a test. In statistics, the power of a binary hypothesis test is the probability that the test correctly rejects the null hypothesis ( ) when the alternative hypothesis ( ) is true. It is commonly denoted by , and represents the probability of a true positive detection of an effect or an association between variables, conditional on the ...

  5. Confidence interval - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidence_interval

    A confidence interval for the parameter , with confidence level or coefficient , is an interval determined by random variables and with the property: The number , whose typical value is close to but not greater than 1, is sometimes given in the form (or as a percentage ), where is a small positive number, often 0.05.

  6. Minimisation (clinical trials) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimisation_(clinical_trials)

    Minimisation is a method of adaptive stratified sampling that is used in clinical trials, as described by Pocock and Simon. [1] [2] The aim of minimisation is to minimise the imbalance between the number of patients in each treatment group over a number of factors. Normally patients would be allocated to a treatment group randomly and while ...

  7. Binomial proportion confidence interval - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_proportion...

    In statistics, a binomial proportion confidence interval is a confidence interval for the probability of success calculated from the outcome of a series of success–failure experiments ( Bernoulli trials ). In other words, a binomial proportion confidence interval is an interval estimate of a success probability when only the number of ...

  8. Binomial distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_distribution

    The binomial distribution is the PMF of k successes given n independent events each with a probability p of success. Mathematically, when α = k + 1 and β = n − k + 1, the beta distribution and the binomial distribution are related by [clarification needed] a factor of n + 1 :

  9. Cochran's Q test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochran's_Q_test

    Cochran's test is a non-parametric statistical test to verify whether k treatments have identical effects in the analysis of two-way randomized block designs where the response variable is binary. [1] [2] [3] It is named after William Gemmell Cochran. Cochran's Q test should not be confused with Cochran's C test, which is a variance outlier test.

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