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Cyrus II the Great, son of Cambyses I, ruled from c. 550 - 530 BC. Cambyses II, his son, ruled 530 - 521 BC. Smerdis, his alleged brother, ruled 521 BC. Darius the Great, his brother-in-law and grandson of Arsames, ruled 521 -486 BC. Xerxes I, his son, ruled 486 - 465 BC. Artaxerxes I, his son, ruled 464 - 424 BC.
By the 1st millennium BCE, Medes, Persians, Bactrians and Parthians populated the Iranian plateau, while others such as the Scythians, Sarmatians, Cimmerians and Alans populated the steppes north of the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, as far as the Great Hungarian Plain in the west.
The Persians or Iranian Persians ( / ˈpɜːrʒənz / PUR-zhənz or / ˈpɜːrʃənz / PUR-shənz) are an Iranian ethnic group who comprise over half of the population of Iran. [4] They share a common cultural system and are native speakers of the Persian language [6] [7] [8] as well as of the languages that are closely related to Persian.
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, [16] also known as the Persian Empire [16] or First Persian Empire [17] ( / əˈkiːmənɪd /; Old Persian: 𐎧𐏁𐏂, Xšāça, lit. 'The Empire' [18] or 'The Kingdom' [19] ), was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC. Based in modern-day Iran ...
v. t. e. The Iranian peoples [1] or Iranic peoples [2] are a diverse grouping of peoples [1] [3] who are identified by their usage of the Iranian languages (branch of the Indo-European languages) and other cultural similarities.
The Medes [N 1] ( / miːdz /; Old Persian: 𐎶𐎠𐎭 Māda-; Akkadian: mat Mādāya, mat Mātāya; [2] Ancient Greek: Μῆδοι Mēdoi; Latin: Medi) were an ancient Iranian people [N 2] who spoke the Median language and who inhabited an area known as Media between western and northern Iran. Around the 11th century BC, they occupied the ...
Elam, c. 2700 – 519 BCE. The Elamites settlement was in southwestern Iran, where is modern Khuzestan, Ilam, Fars, Bushehr, Lorestan, Bakhtiari and Kohgiluyeh provinces. . Their language was neither Semitic nor Indo-European, and they were the geographic ancestors of the Achaemenid/Persian e
in hieroglyphs. Xerxes I [a] ( c. 518 – August 465 BC), commonly known as Xerxes the Great, [3] was a Persian ruler who served as the fourth King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, reigning from 486 BC until his assassination in 465 BC. He was the son of Darius the Great and Atossa, a daughter of Cyrus the Great.