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  2. Erikson's stages of psychosocial development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erikson's_stages_of...

    "Shame and Doubt vs. Autonomy: Will" Ninth stage elders face the "shame of lost control" and doubt "their autonomy over their own bodies". So it is that "shame and doubt challenge cherished autonomy". "Inferiority vs. Industry: Competence" Industry as a "driving force" that elders once had is gone in the ninth stage.

  3. Erik Erikson - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_Erikson

    Will, Autonomy vs. shame—This stage covers early childhood around 1½–3 years old and introduces the concept of autonomy vs. shame and doubt. The child begins to discover the beginnings of their independence, and parents must facilitate the child's sense of doing basic tasks "all by themselves."

  4. Joan Erikson - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Erikson

    Joan Mowat Erikson, who helped reshape the prevailing psychological view of human development through a six-decade, all-senses collaboration with her husband, Erik Erikson, and still found time to pursue her own interests in arts and crafts, education and dance, died on Sunday at a nursing home in Brewster, Mass. She was 95.

  5. Psychodynamic models of emotional and behavioral disorders

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychodynamic_models_of...

    Autonomy vs. shame and doubt: Doubt in oneself and mistrust in environment III. Play age (ages 3–5) Initiative vs. guilt: Overdeveloped conscience which prevents independent action; excessive guilt IV. School age (ages 5–10) Industry vs. inferiority: Doubt in one's ability to perform adequately for society; feelings of inferiority and ...

  6. Autonomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomy

    Autonomy can also be defined from a human resources perspective, where it denotes a (relatively high) level of discretion granted to an employee in his or her work. In such cases, autonomy is known to generally increase job satisfaction. Self-actualized individuals are thought to operate autonomously of external expectations.

  7. Self-determination theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-determination_theory

    t. e. Self-determination theory ( SDT) is a macro theory of human motivation and personality that concerns people's innate growth tendencies and innate psychological needs. It pertains to the motivation behind people's choices in the absence of external influences and distractions. SDT focuses on the degree to which human behavior is self ...

  8. Workers' self-management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workers'_self-management

    t. e. Workers' self-management, also referred to as labor management and organizational self-management, is a form of organizational management based on self-directed work processes on the part of an organization's workforce. Self-management is a defining characteristic of socialism, with proposals for self-management having appeared many times ...

  9. The Soul at Work: From Alienation to Autonomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Soul_at_Work:_From...

    In the book Berardi reflects on the new forms of alienation and addresses people's feelings of alienation in regards to work, as well as to how their refusal to submit to work used to be the foundation of a human community - that fought for autonomy against the work society. Berardi cites a number of authors in the book.