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Industrial facilities may generate the following industrial wastewater flows: [citation needed] Manufacturing process wastestreams, which can include conventional pollutants (i.e. controllable with secondary treatment systems), toxic pollutants (e.g. solvents, heavy metals), and other harmful compounds such as nutrients
Industrial fermentation is the intentional use of fermentation in manufacturing processes. In addition to the mass production of fermented foods and drinks, industrial fermentation has widespread applications in chemical industry. Commodity chemicals, such as acetic acid, citric acid, and ethanol are made by fermentation. [ 1]
v. t. e. Anaerobic digestion is a sequence of processes by which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen. [ 1] The process is used for industrial or domestic purposes to manage waste or to produce fuels. Much of the fermentation used industrially to produce food and drink products, as well as home fermentation ...
In ethanol fermentation, one glucose molecule is converted into two ethanol molecules and two carbon dioxide (CO 2) molecules. [14] [15] It is used to make bread dough rise: the carbon dioxide forms bubbles, expanding the dough into a foam. [16] [17] The ethanol is the intoxicating agent in alcoholic beverages such as wine, beer and liquor. [18]
Carbon-based life. The Lewis structure of a carbon atom, showing its four valence electrons. Carbon is a primary component of all known life on Earth, and represents approximately 45–50% of all dry biomass. [ 1] Carbon compounds occur naturally in great abundance on Earth.
Carbon compounds. Carbon compounds are defined as chemical substances containing carbon. [ 1][ 2] More compounds of carbon exist than any other chemical element except for hydrogen. Organic carbon compounds are far more numerous than inorganic carbon compounds. In general bonds of carbon with other elements are covalent bonds.
Food chemistry is the study of chemical processes and interactions of all biological and non-biological components of foods. [1] [2] The biological substances include such items as meat, poultry, lettuce, beer, milk as examples. It is similar to biochemistry in its main components such as carbohydrates, lipids, and protein, but it also includes ...
Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion with anaerobic organisms or methanogens inside an anaerobic digester, biodigester or a bioreactor. [ 2] The gas composition is primarily methane ( CH. 4) and carbon dioxide ( CO. 2) and may have small amounts of hydrogen sulfide ( H. 2S ), moisture and siloxanes.