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Formally, a message authentication code (MAC) system is a triple of efficient [4] algorithms (G, S, V) satisfying: G (key-generator) gives the key k on input 1 n, where n is the security parameter. S (signing) outputs a tag t on the key k and the input string x. V (verifying) outputs accepted or rejected on inputs: the key k, the string x and ...
PMAC, which stands for parallelizable MAC, is a message authentication code algorithm. It was created by Phillip Rogaway . PMAC is a method of taking a block cipher and creating an efficient message authentication code that is reducible in security to the underlying block cipher. PMAC is similar in functionality to the OMAC algorithm.
HMAC-based one-time password. HMAC-based one-time password ( HOTP) is a one-time password (OTP) algorithm based on HMAC. It is a cornerstone of the Initiative for Open Authentication (OATH). HOTP was published as an informational IETF RFC 4226 in December 2005, documenting the algorithm along with a Java implementation.
TOTP credentials are also based on a shared secret known to both the client and the server, creating multiple locations from which a secret can be stolen. [4] An attacker with access to this shared secret could generate new, valid TOTP codes at will. This can be a particular problem if the attacker breaches a large authentication database. [5]
614. ISBN. 0-00-255944-7. Between Silk and Cyanide: A Codemaker's War 1941–1945 is a memoir of public interest by former Special Operations Executive (SOE) cryptographer Leo Marks, describing his work including memorable events, actions and omissions of his colleagues during the Second World War. It was first published in 1998.
Message authentication is typically achieved by using message authentication codes (MACs), authenticated encryption (AE), or digital signatures. [2] The message authentication code, also known as digital authenticator, is used as an integrity check based on a secret key shared by two parties to authenticate information transmitted between them. [4]
IEEE 802.1AE (also known as MACsec) is a network security standard that operates at the medium access control layer and defines connectionless data confidentiality and integrity for media access independent protocols. It is standardized by the IEEE 802.1 working group. [ 1]
Visual cryptography is a cryptographic technique which allows visual information (pictures, text, etc.) to be encrypted in such a way that the decrypted information appears as a visual image. One of the best-known techniques has been credited to Moni Naor and Adi Shamir, who developed it in 1994. [ 1] They demonstrated a visual secret sharing ...