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t. e. Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini[b] (17 May 1900 or 24 September 1902 [a] – 3 June 1989) was an Iranian Islamic revolutionary, politician, and religious leader who served as the first Supreme Leader of Iran from 1979 until his death in 1989. He was the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the main leader of the Iranian Revolution, which ...
In 1989 Ayatollah Khomeini dismissed Ayatollah Montazeri as his political successor, giving the position to Khamenei instead. Because Khamenei was neither a marja or ayatollah, the Assembly of Experts had to modify the constitution to award him the position of Iran's new Supreme Leader (a decision opposed by several grand ayatollahs).
The office was established by the Constitution of Iran in 1979, pursuant to Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini's concept of the Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist, [16] and is a lifetime appointment. [17] Originally the constitution required the Supreme Leader to be Marja'-e taqlid, the highest-ranking cleric in the religious laws of Usuli Twelver ...
Khomeini giving a speech after arranging a press-conference at Neauphle-le-Château, France, on 17 January 1979, a day after the departure of the Shah Ettela'at Newspaper titling Tomorrow Morning at 9, Meeting with the Imam (Khomeini) in Tehran. Ruhollah Khomeini’s return to Iran on 1 February 1979, after 14 years in exile, was an important ...
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi[ a ] (26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980), commonly referred to in the Western world as Mohammad Reza Shah, [ b ] or just simply the Shah, was the last monarch of Iran. He began ruling the Imperial State of Iran after succeeding his father, Reza Shah, in 1941 and remained in power until he was overthrown by the 1979 Iranian ...
8 due to a stampede. On 3 June 1989, at 22:20 IRST, Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, leader of the Iranian Revolution and the first Supreme Leader and founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, died in Jamaran, Greater Tehran aged 89 after spending eleven days at a private hospital, near his residency, after suffering five heart attacks in ten ...
Shia cleric Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of the Iranian revolution, [11] first came to political prominence in 1963 when he led opposition to the Shah and his program of reforms known as the "White Revolution", which aimed to break up landholdings owned by some Shi’a clergy, allow women to vote and religious minorities to hold ...
t. e. Ayatollah (UK: / ˌaɪəˈtɒlə /, also US: / ˌaɪəˈtoʊlə /; Arabic: اية الله, romanized:ʾāyatu llāh; Persian: آیتالله, romanized:âyatollâh [ɒːjjætˌolˈlɒːh]) is an honorific title for high-ranking Twelver Shia clergy. In Iran it came into widespread usage in the 20th century. [ 1 ][ 2 ]