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Respiratory complex I, EC 7.1.1.2 (also known as NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, Type I NADH dehydrogenase and mitochondrial complex I) is the first large protein complex of the respiratory chains of many organisms from bacteria to humans. It catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and translocates protons across ...
Mitochondrial ROS ( mtROS or mROS) are reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are produced by mitochondria. [ 1][ 2][ 3] Generation of mitochondrial ROS mainly takes place at the electron transport chain located on the inner mitochondrial membrane during the process of oxidative phosphorylation. Leakage of electrons at complex I and complex III ...
Electron transport chain. An electron transport chain ( ETC[ 1]) is a series of protein complexes and other molecules which transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H + ions) across a ...
A mitochondrion ( pl. mitochondria) is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi. Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy. [ 2]
The most common supercomplexes observed are Complex I/III, Complex I/III/IV, and Complex III/IV. Most of Complex II is found in a free-floating form in both plant and animal mitochondria. Complex V can be found co-migrating as a dimer with other supercomplexes, but scarcely as part of the supercomplex unit.
The MT-ND6 gene is located in human mitochondrial DNA from base pair 14,149 to 14,673. [5] MT-ND6 is the only protein-coding gene located on the L-strand of the human mitogenome. [8] The encoded protein is 18 kDa and composed of 172 amino acids. [9] [10] MT-ND6 is one of seven mitochondrial genes encoding subunits of the enzyme NADH ...
Oxidative phosphorylation (UK / ɒkˈsɪd.ə.tɪv /, US / ˈɑːk.sɪˌdeɪ.tɪv / [ 1]) or electron transport-linked phosphorylation or terminal oxidation is the metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing chemical energy in order to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Depiction of mitochondrial membranes. [1] Mitochondrial membrane transport proteins, also known as mitochondrial carrier proteins, are proteins which exist in the membranes of mitochondria. They serve to transport [2] molecules and other factors, such as ions, into or out of the organelles. Mitochondria contain both an inner and outer membrane ...