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Null coalescing operator. The null coalescing operator is a binary operator that is part of the syntax for a basic conditional expression in several programming languages, such as (in alphabetical order): C# [ 1] since version 2.0, [ 2] Dart [ 3] since version 1.12.0, [ 4] PHP since version 7.0.0, [ 5] Perl since version 5.10 as logical defined ...
Many languages have explicit pointers or references. Reference types differ from these in that the entities they refer to are always accessed via references; for example, whereas in C++ it's possible to have either a std:: string and a std:: string *, where the former is a mutable string and the latter is an explicit pointer to a mutable string (unless it's a null pointer), in Java it is only ...
Abstract data type. In computer science, an abstract data type ( ADT) is a mathematical model for data types, defined by its behavior ( semantics) from the point of view of a user of the data, specifically in terms of possible values, possible operations on data of this type, and the behavior of these operations.
UTF-8. UTF-8 is a variable-length character encoding standard used for electronic communication. Defined by the Unicode Standard, the name is derived from Unicode Transformation Format – 8-bit. [ 1] UTF-8 is capable of encoding all 1,112,064 [ a] valid Unicode code points using one to four one- byte (8-bit) code units.
Stack Overflow. Stack Overflow is a question-and-answer website for computer programmers. It is the flagship site of the Stack Exchange Network. [ 2][ 3][ 4] It was created in 2008 by Jeff Atwood and Joel Spolsky. [ 5][ 6] It features questions and answers on certain computer programming topics. [ 7][ 8][ 9] It was created to be a more open ...
The email address of the user making the request. From: user@example.com: Permanent RFC 9110: Host: The domain name of the server (for virtual hosting), and the TCP port number on which the server is listening. The port number may be omitted if the port is the standard port for the service requested.
e. Digest access authentication is one of the agreed-upon methods a web server can use to negotiate credentials, such as username or password, with a user's web browser. This can be used to confirm the identity of a user before sending sensitive information, such as online banking transaction history.
Data is written into A, but is too large to fit within A, so it overflows into B. In programming and information security, a buffer overflow or buffer overrun is an anomaly whereby a program writes data to a buffer beyond the buffer's allocated memory, overwriting adjacent memory locations. Buffers are areas of memory set aside to hold data ...