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The pulmonary circulation is a division of the circulatory system in all vertebrates. The circuit begins with deoxygenated blood returned from the body to the right atrium of the heart where it is pumped out from the right ventricle to the lungs. In the lungs the blood is oxygenated and returned to the left atrium to complete the circuit.
The iron lung is a large horizontal cylinder designed to stimulate breathing in patients who have lost control of their respiratory muscles. The patient's head is exposed outside the cylinder, while the body is sealed inside. Air pressure inside the cylinder is cycled to facilitate inhalation and exhalation.
Pulmonary surfactant. Alveoli are the spherical outcroppings of the respiratory bronchioles. Pulmonary surfactant is a surface-active complex of phospholipids and proteins formed by type II alveolar cells. [1] The proteins and lipids that make up the surfactant have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.
A lung cavity or pulmonary cavity is an abnormal, thick-walled, air-filled space within the lung. [ 1] Cavities in the lung can be caused by infections, cancer, autoimmune conditions, trauma, congenital defects, [ 2] or pulmonary embolism. [ 3] The most common cause of a single lung cavity is lung cancer. [ 4]
Pulmonary aspiration is the entry of material such as pharyngeal secretions, food or drink, or stomach contents from the oropharynx or gastrointestinal tract, into the larynx (voice box) and lower respiratory tract, the portions of the respiratory system from the trachea (windpipe) to the lungs. A person may inhale the material, or it may be ...
The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants. The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size of the organism, the environment in which it lives and its evolutionary ...
A pulmonary laceration is a chest injury in which lung tissue is torn or cut. [ 1] An injury that is potentially more serious than pulmonary contusion, pulmonary laceration involves disruption of the architecture of the lung, [ 2] while pulmonary contusion does not. [ 3] Pulmonary laceration is commonly caused by penetrating trauma but may also ...
A pulmonary contusion, also known as lung contusion, is a bruise of the lung, caused by chest trauma. As a result of damage to capillaries, blood and other fluids accumulate in the lung tissue. The excess fluid interferes with gas exchange, potentially leading to inadequate oxygen levels ( hypoxia ). Unlike pulmonary laceration, another type of ...